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Before you spearfish — this comes first

  • Get proper instruction before you spearfish. A recognised freediving or spearfishing course teaches the things that actually kill people in this sport, and reading about them is not the same as being taught them.
  • Dive with a buddy, and dive one up, one down — one diver in the water, one on the surface watching them, every dive. A breath-hold blackout is silent and gives no warning; a watching buddy is the difference between an incident and a fatality.
  • Stay inside your own training and experience. Depth and breath-hold times are personal, they change day to day, and nobody else's numbers apply to you.
  • Understand the conditions before you enter the water: visibility, current, swell, tide, boat traffic and your exit. Conditions decide whether a dive is reasonable far more often than skill does.
  • Use equipment you have been shown how to use, check it before every session, and be visible — a marked float and line are how boat traffic knows you are there.
  • Never extend a dive for a fish. No catch is worth pushing a breath-hold, and the urge to take one more second is exactly what a blackout feels like from the inside — which is to say, like nothing at all.

An equipment maintenance checklist

Explainer · Last reviewed 2026-08-19

A schedule rather than a routine — what to do after every dive, every few sessions, and once a season, because the components that fail are the ones under load and they fail on age as much as on use.

Safety

Drowning and immersionCan cause serious injury or death

A completed checklist produces a feeling of readiness, and a feeling of readiness produced by a list is exactly what a breath-hold diver must not have. A check reduces how often equipment fails in the water; it establishes nothing about whether today's conditions, today's buddy arrangement or today's fitness make the dive reasonable.

What reduces it: Treat the inspection as one input among several rather than as permission. Check the items whose failure is life-threatening first — quick release, cutting tool, float and line — and treat the judgement about entering the water as a separate decision made in front of the conditions.

Precautions that always apply here

  • Never spearfish or freedive alone.
  • Dive one up, one down: one diver down, one on the surface actively watching, every single dive.
  • Carry a charged phone in a waterproof case, or another means of calling for help.

Maintenance in this discipline is a safety practice. The components that break are the ones carrying load, and their failure modes are either an injury during loading or a lost fish that dies unrecovered.

AFTER EVERY SESSION. Rinse everything in fresh water. Unload the gun and work the trigger and line release under the water so salt flushes out of the mechanism. Rinse the knife and dry it out of its sheath. Rinse the suit inside and out. Dry everything out of direct sunlight. Store the gun unloaded.

EVERY FEW SESSIONS. Inspect bands for cracking, chalkiness or nicks. Inspect the wishbone for abrasion or fatigue. Check the shaft for straightness, the notches for rounding, and any threaded tip for security. Check the shooting line where it passes the muzzle. Open and close the flopper — it should move freely. Check the float for leaks and the float line for abrasion. Test the belt release. Sharpen the knife.

ONCE A SEASON, OR AFTER LONG STORAGE. Replace bands and wishbone regardless of appearance — rubber degrades chemically whether or not it has been used. Strip and lubricate the mechanism with what the manufacturer specifies, not with what is in the drawer. Service a pneumatic properly, with the pressure released first. Replace shooting line. Inspect the suit for tears at the seams and knees.

AND BEFORE A TRIP: all of the above, well in advance, so that anything needing replacement can be replaced at home rather than discovered abroad.

The two components that fail on age rather than use

BANDS AND WISHBONES. Both carry the whole load of a band gun and both degrade chemically — through UV, ozone, heat, salt and simple time.

That is why a gun stored in a sunny shed for two seasons has aged bands whether or not it has been dived, and why a second-hand gun gets new bands before it is used whatever they look like.

Both are the cheapest safety-relevant components in the kit. The cost of replacing them a season early is trivial; the cost of a band snapping while it is being stretched beside somebody's face is not.

The storage advice follows from the same chemistry: cool, dark, dry, unloaded. A garage with power tools is a surprisingly poor location because electric motors generate ozone, which attacks rubber.

A gun stored loaded is separately a problem: the bands take a permanent set, losing power and life, and it is a loaded weapon in a cupboard.

Authoritative guidance

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report British Sub-Aqua Club (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Equipment inspection and replacement practice for load-bearing consumable components.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly
  • AIDA International freediving education and safety standards AIDA International (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Freediving equipment standards including inspection of load-bearing components before use.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

What a check cannot do, and why that is the important half

A maintenance list is easy to write and easy to misuse, and the misuse is specific enough to name: a diver who has completed a check acquires a feeling of readiness, and a feeling of readiness produced by a list is exactly what a breath-hold diver must not have.

SO THE FIRST THING THIS RECORD SAYS IS WHAT THE CHECK IS FOR. It reduces the number of times equipment fails in the water. It does not establish that today's dive is a good idea, that the conditions are within your training, that you are fit to dive, or that your buddy arrangement is adequate. Those are separate judgements and none of them is on a list.

THE SECOND IS THAT A CHECK IS NOT A CREDIT. A diver who inspected everything is exactly as obliged to end a session when something fails as one who did not. `which-spearfishing-failures-end-a-dive` sets out which failures end which, and the sorting question — does this affect getting to the surface, staying on it, or being found there — is worth carrying because it is short enough to use while cold.

THE THIRD IS THE ORDER, and it is deliberate: the items whose failure is life-threatening come first, not last. The quick release, operated rather than looked at. The cutting tool, in its place, reachable with either hand without looking. The float and float line and their connections. Then the buoyancy and thermal kit. Then, last, the gun and its rigging, which is the part everybody starts with and the part whose failure costs a fish.

THE FOURTH IS WHAT FAILS QUIETLY, because that is what an inspection is actually hunting. Rubber hardens with age and ultraviolet and splits without warning. Cable frays inside a crimp where it cannot be seen. A hinge pin corrodes and a barb stops deploying. A clip's gate spring weakens. Salt left inside a mechanism keeps working after the outside has been rinsed. None of these announce themselves, which is why the inspection is scheduled rather than triggered by something going wrong.

AND THE CASE THAT CATCHES PEOPLE is the kit that has been in a cupboard since last season. Bands perish in storage, salt continues to work, and a rig that was sound in September is an unknown quantity in May. It gets the full inspection rather than a glance, and rubber gets replaced on age rather than on appearance.

WHAT FISHINGHQ DELIBERATELY DOES NOT PUBLISH is a tick-box readiness tool that returns a verdict. The tool ledger records that refusal with its reason: a checklist that outputs 'ready' is a permission calculator, and the judgement about whether to get in the water belongs to a trained diver standing in front of the conditions.

Authoritative guidance

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • DAN guidance on freediving safety, hypoxia and shallow-water blackout Divers Alert Network (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Freediving safety practice: hypoxic blackout, its absence of warning symptoms, the ascent as the highest-risk phase, and the surface supervision that addresses it.States this directlyPassage read and verified
  • CMAS technical and sporting standards for underwater activities Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (Standards body)Relied on for: Technical and sporting standards for underwater activities, including spearfishing conduct, technique convention and the safety expectations set by the international underwater federation.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly
  • General angling website restatements of established technique Various (Credible secondary source)Relied on for: Widely restated descriptions of established spearfishing practice and equipment convention, recorded as practitioner consensus rather than as scholarship.Background and mechanism onlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

Where to go next

Where it matters

What these connections rest on (1)

Authoritative guidance 1 connection

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • Spearfishing

    A membership assertion rather than a topical one: this record teaches the discipline or its equipment, so the discipline's mandatory safety posture applies to it.

    • CMAS technical and sporting standards for underwater activities Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (Standards body)Relied on for: Breath-hold spearfishing as a defined discipline with its own technical, equipment and safety standards, set out by the international underwater federation.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly
    • DAN guidance on freediving safety, hypoxia and shallow-water blackout Divers Alert Network (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: That the safety requirements of breath-hold diving apply across the discipline rather than to particular equipment or techniques within it.States this directlyPassage read and verified

Gear this affects

What these connections rest on (1)

Authoritative guidance 1 connection

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • Bands and wishbones

    The two components replaced on a calendar rather than on wear.

    • BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report British Sub-Aqua Club (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Diving equipment maintenance and inspection guidance.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

Related reading

What these connections rest on (2)

Authoritative guidance 1 connection

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • Spearguns and slings

    Storage is where most band life is lost.

    • BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report British Sub-Aqua Club (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Diving equipment maintenance and inspection guidance.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

Practitioner consensus 1 connection

Widely and independently recommended by experienced anglers and specialist sources. This is real angling knowledge, not proof: controlled evidence for it is limited, and FishingHQ records it as convention rather than as a demonstrated effect.

  • Which equipment failures end a dive, and which end a session

    One record resolves a question the other raises and cannot answer alone.

    • DAN guidance on freediving safety, hypoxia and shallow-water blackout Divers Alert Network (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Freediving and breath-hold spearfishing safety practice, including the supervision requirement that applies across the discipline rather than to particular equipment.States this directlyPassage read and verified
    • CMAS technical and sporting standards for underwater activities Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (Standards body)Relied on for: Breath-hold diving safety practice and discipline definition set out by the international underwater federation.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

How this compares

What these connections rest on (1)

Authoritative guidance 1 connection

Stated by a fisheries authority, scientific institute or recognised angling body. Authoritative, but summarising rather than demonstrating.

  • Salt, corrosion and what it does to tackle

    The mechanism the schedule answers.

    • BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report British Sub-Aqua Club (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Diving equipment maintenance and inspection guidance.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

Sources for this page

  • BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report British Sub-Aqua Club (Water-safety or diver-training authority)Relied on for: Diving equipment maintenance and inspection guidance.States this directlyCitation checked — the work exists and is described correctly

How FishingHQ labels evidence is explained in the evidence policy.

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