Sources

Every source FishingHQ relies on, what kind of authority it is, whether it is an original or restates another, and whether anybody has actually read it.

335 of these are originals and 5 restate another source. The distinction is load-bearing: a claim labelled practitioner consensus must rest on at least two DISTINCT originals, and a source that restates another contributes nothing to that count. Five websites repeating one book are one source.

Every record below is currently citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly — rather than passage verified. Nobody has yet opened each one and read the sentence a claim rests on. Saying so is the point; see the evidence policy.

A guide to crabbing, and where people do it around the British coast
The Camping and Caravanning Club · Credible secondary source
Thirty named crabbing spots and not one crab identified. The method attaches; the animal does not.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
A review of catch-and-release angling mortality with implications for no-take reserves
Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries 15:129–154, 2005 · Scientific literature
The quantitative counterpart to the Arlinghaus review: where that one explains why release outcomes are complex, this one aggregates the numbers. Cited for hook-type and hooking-location evidence.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The synthesis of mortality by hook type and hooking location, and the summary tables comparing barbed and barbless treatments
Must confirm:
That hooking location is a stronger predictor of post-release mortality than barb presence across the reviewed studies, and the direction and approximate size of any barbless effect where one was detected.
If it supports something narrower:
State the barbless finding only for the species groups the review actually covers, and drop any general claim that barbless hooks reduce mortality.
A short review of pike ecology
Hydrobiologia 601:5–16, Springer, 2008 · Scientific literature
A readable peer-reviewed review of pike ecology, obtained because Craig's 1996 monograph could not be. It is the single most useful scientific source in FishingHQ for the pike cluster.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
AIDA International freediving education and safety standards
AIDA International · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The international freediving federation. Cited for the existence of recognised breath-hold training, which the safety block tells readers to obtain.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The education standards and safety rules
Must confirm:
That recognised freediving training exists as a structured, assessed qualification and that direct in-water supervision is required during breath-hold training.
If it supports something narrower:
Refer to the existence of training standards without characterising their content.
Algarve offshore and big-game charter operators
Charter operators and booking platforms working from Vilamoura, Portimão and the eastern Algarve ports · Practitioner report
Establishes the Algarve offshore fishery and the forty-five miles between the port and the ground. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Operator and booking pages describing offshore trips, the grounds worked and the species targeted
Must confirm:
The species targeted, the season stated for them, and the ground worked — including its distance and bearing from the departure port where the operator gives one.
If it supports something narrower:
Attach the species to the offshore area and never to the port. Where no ground is named, record nothing: a port with a species list attached to it is the error this source class most easily produces.
Angling and commercial fishing in Chichester Harbour
Chichester Harbour Conservancy · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The harbour authority on its own harbour. The first source here to name angling kayaks at a place, and the reason no kayak profile was written from it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Angling in Shetland — the islands' visitor guide to freshwater and sea fishing
Shetland Islands Council and Promote Shetland · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Promote Shetland's angling guide, read with its trout feature. Best on district structure and permits.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Angling in Tor Bay — the harbour authority's own statement of where it is allowed
Tor Bay Harbour Authority · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The harbour authority on its own piers. Fishing inside the harbours is prohibited; three seaward faces are named.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Angling Times
Bauer Media · Specialist angling publication
A long-running British weekly. Included because the book literature predates modern lure technique entirely.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Technique features and species coverage for the methods FishingHQ describes
Must confirm:
That the modern coarse and predator practice FishingHQ describes as conventional is presented as such by multiple independent contributors, with dates and authors recorded.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade the affected claim from practitioner consensus to anecdotal and say so on the page.
Angling Trust guidance for anglers
Angling Trust · Angling or fisheries organisation
The representative body for angling in England. Used for what the sport's own institutions promote, which is a claim about practice rather than about biology.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The fish care, biosecurity and invasive species guidance pages
Must confirm:
Fish-handling and biosecurity practice as the Trust states it.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute the practice to the Trust's own wording rather than to anglers generally.
Arguineguín — the Gran Canaria island authority’s fishing pages
Cabildo de Gran Canaria · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Cabildo de Gran Canaria on Arguineguín. Establishes the place; says nothing about catch, which is itself worth knowing about this class of source.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Argyll-Sea Tours' own site, read on 29 August 2026
Argyll-Sea Tours, Oban, 2026 · Credible secondary source
The operator reading behind the first Scottish charter described here, and the disagreement it left open.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Assessment of catches in shore angling competitions from the Border region of the Eastern Cape
Pradervand & Govender, African Zoology 38(1), for the Oceanographic Research Institute, 2003 · Scientific literature
Seventeen years of Border competition weigh-sheets, 128 competitions, 34 species. Composition evidence: it does not resolve a species to a year.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Australian state recreational crabbing guidance: gear, limits and berried females
Australian state fisheries agencies and Australian crabbing guidance · Credible secondary source
Australian recreational crabbing guidance at search-summary level, because every agency page attempted refused retrieval. Gear categories only; no figures.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Each Australian state fisheries agency's own current recreational crabbing rules
Must confirm:
The per-state gear categories, size limits and bag limits for blue swimmer crab — New South Wales, South Australia, Western Australia and Queensland separately, because they differ from one another.
If it supports something narrower:
If a state permits fewer gear categories than the summary suggests, the method page must name the states rather than describing an Australian practice, and must drop any category no agency actually lists.
Autoridad Portuaria de Santa Cruz de Tenerife: the port pages for the western islands
Autoridad Portuaria de Santa Cruz de Tenerife, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Registered for what it does NOT contain: the state port authority publishes no description of its own western-island ports.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Bahia Honda State Park visitor information
Florida State Parks and the park concessionaire · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Recorded as unreachable rather than quietly omitted. Nothing is published from it.
Not yet checked · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Bahia Honda State Park pages on the Florida State Parks site and the concessionaire's own site
Must confirm:
Current opening hours, entrance fees, facility provision, the access status of the Old Bahia Honda Bridge overlook, and the park's own statement on spearfishing and collection within the park.
If it supports something narrower:
Publish nothing. Which is what this page currently causes.
Ballyhornan Beach — Newry, Mourne and Down District Council tourism service
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
A thin official page, registered for the sentence that says facilities are limited and for the canoe trail nobody had found.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Basic pike fishing — the club's own leaflet on tackle, welfare and unhooking
The Pike Anglers' Club of Great Britain, 2024 · Angling or fisheries organisation
Fifty years of specialist practice on how to unhook a pike without killing it, from the body that does it. The source behind the 18-degree rule.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Bass fishing guidance 2026
Marine Management Organisation and Defra (GOV.UK guidance), 2026 · Government fisheries body
The MMO and Defra guidance carrying the 2026 English recreational bass rules, including the increase to a three-fish daily limit.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Benone Strand — Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council tourism service
Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own Benone listing. Free beach parking, an RNLI season, three conservation designations, and fishing named by the authority itself.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Biotoxin and phytoplankton monitoring
Food Standards Agency, 2026 · Government fisheries body
Cited on the existence and volatility of the official shellfish closure system, not on toxin levels. The update history is the evidence.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Bluefin tuna (BFT) catch and release recreational fishery (CRRF) application, and NI CHART
Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs, Northern Ireland, 2026 · Government fisheries body
Northern Ireland runs its own scheme; the detail was not accessible. Recorded as a gap.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The DAERA publication 'Bluefin Tuna (BFT) Catch and Release Recreational Fishery (CRRF) Application', published 26 August 2026, and the Word application pack it links to
Must confirm:
The Northern Ireland application window including its closing date, the season dates in NI waters, how many permits or vessels take part, whether Angling Trust training is required as it is in England, and whether NI runs an open permit scheme or only the NI CHART tagging programme.
If it supports something narrower:
Leave the Northern Ireland regime at `programme_only` with its unresolved notes intact. Do not fill the gaps from the English regime — a jurisdiction with its own authority and its own application pack is not England with a different postcode.
Bluefin tuna (BFT) catch and release recreational fishery (CRRF) within English waters
Marine Management Organisation and Defra (GOV.UK guidance), 2026 · Government fisheries body
The English regime in full. Cited for the regime as the authority states it: season, permit, eligibility, method, retention, reporting and welfare. Never as permission, never as advice to an individual reader, and never carried from one UK jurisdiction to another.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Bluefin tuna (BFT) fisheries in 2026
Defra and the Marine Management Organisation (GOV.UK guidance), 2026 · Government fisheries body
The 2026-2028 quota cycle, and the three jurisdictions this page does not cover. Cited for the regime as the authority states it: season, permit, eligibility, method, retention, reporting and welfare. Never as permission, never as advice to an individual reader, and never carried from one UK jurisdiction to another.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
BlueWater Hunting and Freediving
BlueWater Freedivers, Ventura, California, 1995 · Practitioner report
The single practitioner original in the spearfishing register. Never sufficient for practitioner consensus on its own, and the records that lean on it say so.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on approaching fish, on blue-water technique, and on the author's account of blackout and buddy procedure
Must confirm:
What the author actually reports about how fish respond to a diver's approach, and whether any of it is presented as observation rather than as established biology.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute each statement to this author by name and reduce it further, rather than generalising it to divers as a group.
Boat & Fishing: Egi Fishing — the tackle and the egi itself
Boat & Fishing (Greece), 2018 · Specialist angling publication
The tackle half of the same Greek article. The number on the box is inches, not grams.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Boat & Fishing: Egi Fishing — ψάρεμα καλαμαριών από ακτή (shore eging for squid)
Boat & Fishing (Greece), 2018 · Specialist angling publication
Read in Greek. The mechanism behind a season the English-language sources record and do not explain.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Bodo to Moskenes: the Vestfjorden car ferry, route 18-782
Torghatten Nord · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The operator of the Vestfjord crossing. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The route 18-782 page on the operator's own site
Must confirm:
That a car ferry crosses the Vestfjord between Bodo and Moskenes, that reservations cover only part of the capacity, and the booking deadline and arrival requirement.
If it supports something narrower:
State only that a car ferry crosses and route the reader to the operator. A ferry described with a wrong deadline is a missed crossing.
Bracelet Bay
Visit Swansea Bay · Credible secondary source
The partial answer to a gap an earlier pass recorded honestly and could not fill.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Breakwater car park and Breakwater Beach, Brixham
Torbay Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Torbay Council's own pages for the Breakwater car park and beach. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Breakwater car park page and the Breakwater Beach page in Torbay Council's own parking and beaches sections
Must confirm:
That the car park is council-operated, its space count and disabled bays, that it is pay and display with no height restriction, and the council's statement about ramp and revetment access to the beach.
If it supports something narrower:
Drop the parking entry. A council car park that has closed or been reclassified must not survive in the record on the strength of an old page.
British Sea Fishing: east of England shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing's east of England guide, read in full. Flat by the nature of the coast, and carried flat.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: Isle of Man shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing's Isle of Man guide, read in full. Short, and the only evidence here for Manx shore fishing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: lure fishing for squid
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
The squid tactics page. Right about the night, the jig and the drop net; wrong about which animal is called the European squid.
Read, and it does not support the claim · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: north-east England and Yorkshire shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing: north-east England and Yorkshire shore marks, read in full. A practitioner mark directory: evidence of what is fished for where, and of nothing else.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: north-west England shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing's north-west England guide, read in full. The answer to the thinnest English coast covered here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: Northern Ireland shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing: Northern Ireland shore marks, read in full. A practitioner mark directory: evidence of what is fished for where, and of nothing else.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: Scottish shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing's Scotland guide, read in full. The only source read here that reaches Orkney and the Outer Hebrides.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: south coast and south-west England shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing's south and south-west guide, read in full. Densest of the regional guides and the one that fills Portland.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: south-east England shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing: south-east England shore marks, read in full. A practitioner mark directory: evidence of what is fished for where, and of nothing else.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: the ray, smooth-hound, whiting and flatfish entries
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
The same regional guides, re-read for the species the first reading left behind. Recorded separately because a second reading that finds new things is a new piece of evidence.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: the rockling and sea scorpion species entries
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
The species entries that finally separate the five British rocklings — and that establish why a shore guide saying `rockling` cannot be resolved into one of them.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
British Sea Fishing: Welsh shore marks
British Sea Fishing · Credible secondary source
British Sea Fishing: Welsh shore marks, read in full. A practitioner mark directory: evidence of what is fished for where, and of nothing else.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Brixham harbour facilities and Tor Bay harbour operational policy
Tor Bay Harbour Authority · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The harbour authority for Brixham breakwater. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Brixham harbour facilities page, and Appendix 1 of the Operational Moorings and Facilities Policy
Must confirm:
That the breakwater defines the Brixham harbour limit and is therefore harbour authority infrastructure under harbour byelaws, and the facilities the authority itself lists for Brixham.
If it supports something narrower:
Reduce the record to the harbour limit alone, which is the fact the location page actually needs: this is operational infrastructure, not public space, and the reader is routed to the authority.
Brown trout (Salmo trutta) thermal tolerance analyses — juvenile and adult, summer
Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Bureau of Water Quality Planning, 2017 · Conservation authority
Twenty-six studies on what temperature does to a brown trout, reviewed to set a legal standard. The evidence behind 'it is too warm to fish'.
Passage read and verified · Restates: fishbase
BSAC diving safety guidance and annual incident report
British Sub-Aqua Club · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The UK national governing body for diving. One of two authorities behind the mandatory spearfishing safety block.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The freediving safety guidance and the annual incident report
Must confirm:
The one-up-one-down buddy protocol as BSAC states it, and the proportion of freediving incidents involving blackout on ascent.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep the buddy protocol and drop any FishingHQ statement about relative frequency.
Bus service 34, Redruth to The Lizard via Helston and Mullion
Transport for Cornwall · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The bus route to The Lizard. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The service 34 page on the Transport for Cornwall network site
Must confirm:
That a scheduled bus service terminates at The Lizard village.
If it supports something narrower:
Remove the public transport line. A withdrawn bus route described as running is worse than no transport information at all.
California Code of Regulations, title 14 — Fish and Game
California Fish and Game Commission · Government fisheries body
The state original behind the republished regulation. Not read: the server refused connection.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Title 14, section 29.80, as published by the state rather than by a republisher
Must confirm:
That the state's own text matches the republished text read here, in particular the crab loop trap definition, the hoop-net types and the two-hour servicing interval.
If it supports something narrower:
If the state text is narrower — if, say, loop traps are permitted only in named zones — the method page must say so and must stop describing the gear as generally available in California.
Câmara Municipal do Porto Moniz: the municipality's own bathing and transport records
Câmara Municipal do Porto Moniz, Madeira, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The transport page is the same municipality's and is read with the beaches page because both are needed to say how somebody without a car reaches this coast.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Canary Islands angling community and forum material
Public Canary angling forums and community postings · Practitioner report
Practitioner evidence that a named Canary mark is fished. Deliberately counted as a single independent source however many threads it supplies.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Threads naming specific island coasts, marks and the ground at them
Must confirm:
That the place is named by the poster rather than inferred, and that the account describes fishing rather than sightseeing or diving tourism.
If it supports something narrower:
Drop the observation. A community post that does not name its own location establishes nothing FishingHQ can use.
Canary Islands marine reserves and recreational fishing licensing
Spanish and Canary regional fisheries and environmental authorities · Government fisheries body
The authority layer for the Canaries. Establishes that restrictions and licensing exist; never used to state what a current rule says.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Reserve designations, zoning and the recreational licence framework for the archipelago
Must confirm:
That the reserve exists, that recreational fishing within it is restricted or zoned, and that a recreational licence is required — without FishingHQ stating what any current rule is.
If it supports something narrower:
Remove the reserve note entirely rather than soften it. A half-stated restriction is worse than routing the reader to the authority.
Canary Islands regional angling guidance sites
Various Canary-based angling and island guidance publishers · Credible secondary source
The Spanish-language regional layer. Establishes that a named Canary place is fished and by what mode; never relied on for access, permission or reserve rules.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Island-by-island shore-fishing guidance pages naming specific coasts, harbours, moles and beaches
Must confirm:
That the named place is presented as a place people fish from the shore, and that the species listed against it are presented as local shore species rather than as the island's fish market or restaurant menu.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade the affected catch claim to `recorded` and remove any mode assertion the source does not make.
Car parks and car parking in North Norfolk
North Norfolk District Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own car park directory. Cited for Cromer Pier's access block.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Car parks at Mumbles: Southend and Knab Rock
City and County of Swansea · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Recorded as unreachable rather than quietly omitted. Nothing is published from it.
Not yet checked · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Southend and Knab Rock car park pages on the Swansea Council site
Must confirm:
That the car parks are council-operated pay and display, their space counts and disabled bays.
If it supports something narrower:
Publish nothing. Which is what this page currently causes.
Car parks in Portland: Masonic, Lord Clyde and Chesil
Portland Town Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own car park register for Portland. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The individual car park pages in Portland Town Council's car parks section
Must confirm:
Which car parks serve Chiswell and Victoria Square, their managing authority, their space counts, and that they are free with a maximum stay.
If it supports something narrower:
Drop the parking entries rather than carrying an unconfirmed one.
Carp Fever
Beekay Publishers, 1981 · Specialist angling publication
The book that took the hair rig and the boilie into general practice. An independent original for the carp cluster.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on hookbait presentation and on boilies
Must confirm:
The origin and rationale of separating the bait from the hook on a short link, and the early development of boiled paste baits.
If it supports something narrower:
Record the attribution as contested if the text does not clearly assign the innovation.
Catch and Cook Fishing — Visit Pembrokeshire activity listing
Visit Pembrokeshire · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The destination body's listing, registered for the street address the operator's own site does not give.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Catch and Cook Kayak Fishing UK — the operator's own site
Catch and Cook Kayak Fishing UK · Specialist angling publication
The Pembrokeshire kayak guide's own site, read after the publisher that reported it stayed down. Five species, two of them ones FishingHQ is short of.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Catch and effort of the shore and skiboat linefisheries along the South African Eastern Cape coast
Brouwer & Buxton, South African Journal of Marine Science 24, for Rhodes University, 2002 · Scientific literature
A 1994–1996 roving creel survey of the Eastern Cape. Two of its tables resolve a species list to one named stretch and one year.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Cee King — charter and sea angling pages
Cee King Fishing Charter · Credible secondary source
The second Whitby charter, and the record that turns one east-coast boat into a port a reader can choose within.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Cefas science, advice and data on marine and freshwater environments
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science · Government fisheries body
The UK government's marine and freshwater science agency. Used for fishery science and stock context.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The bass and cod life-history and stock advice pages
Must confirm:
The late maturity and slow growth of European sea bass, and the importance of estuarine nursery areas.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade the affected claim to `unresolved` and record what Cefas actually says.
CHART — Catch And Release Tagging programme for Atlantic bluefin tuna
Cefas, with Defra, the MMO, Cornwall IFCA and Natural England · Scientific institute
The 2021-2023 CHART pilot. HISTORICAL: the 2026 regime opens earlier and admits private vessels. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The CHART programme pages and the annual catch-and-release fishery guidance
Must confirm:
That the CHART pilot of 2021-2023 ran as a permitted, tagged catch-and-release scheme operated by qualifying charter skippers, and the months it ran. NOT the current regime, which has its own sources.
If it supports something narrower:
Remove the bluefin profile from the English offshore record entirely. A tuna fishery that cannot be shown to be legally accessible must not be presented as one.
Check Clean Dry — biosecurity guidance for water users
GB Non-native Species Secretariat · Conservation authority
The official GB biosecurity guidance for water users. The source behind every biosecurity precaution on FishingHQ.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Chesil Beach pebbles: composition and the size gradient along the bank
Ian West, Southampton University — geology of the Wessex coast · Reference work
A university field guide to the geology of Chesil, read for the pebble gradient that decides how each part of the beach fishes.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Chesil Beach visitor centre, car park and the crossing to the bank
Dorset Guide · Credible secondary source
Read for the Ferrybridge access arrangement — car park, toilets and the footbridge over the Fleet — and for nothing time-dependent.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Chesil Cove seawall: proposed works and access
Dorset Council coastal flood and erosion risk management · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Dorset Council's own consultation material for the Chesil Cove frontage. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Chesil Cove curved seawall consultation pages and their FAQ
Must confirm:
That a public promenade runs along the sea wall and is to be retained, where the access steps to the shingle are, and that a revetment scheme is in development which will change access during construction.
If it supports something narrower:
State only that access to the shingle is by steps and that a coastal scheme is in development. Never describe a beach access arrangement a scheme has since removed.
Ciudad de Mar: the municipal record for the beaches of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria
Ayuntamiento de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Ciudad de Mar / LPAmar), 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
A municipal beach service rather than a tourism board: it runs the coast it is describing, which is why it is in an authoritative tier and why it is trusted about the car park and about nothing else.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
CMAS technical and sporting standards for underwater activities
Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques · Standards body
The international federation. Cited for the existence of internationally maintained standards, never for the content of any national rule.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The spearfishing commission rules and the freediving technical standards
Must confirm:
That CMAS maintains international rules for competitive spearfishing and technical standards for breath-hold diving, and that those rules exclude the use of compressed air or other breathing apparatus in spearfishing events.
If it supports something narrower:
Refer only to the existence of an international federation maintaining rules, and drop any characterisation of what those rules contain.
Coarse Fishing
A. & C. Black, 1912 · Specialist angling publication
An independent original from before the modern tackle era, useful precisely because it predates the Walker lineage.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on float fishing and on individual species
Must confirm:
Early twentieth-century float and bait practice for the species FishingHQ covers.
If it supports something narrower:
Treat as historical evidence of practice at the time of writing.
Coastal fishing in the Azores — Sao Miguel
Trilhos da Natureza · Practitioner report
An Azorean operator's own coastal tour page, read for depth and technique rather than for species.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Coastal Wiki: nearshore sandbars and rip currents
Coastal and Marine Wiki (Coastal & Marine Union, EUCC), 2026 · Credible secondary source
Read to unblock `surf-beach-diagram`, whose blocker named a coastal-process reference by description. It carries the bar, the trough, the rip and the tide dependence, and it carries nothing about fish.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, 1995 · Standards body
The neutrality anchor for the catch and conservation family. Cited where FishingHQ describes what management is trying to control rather than what anybody ought to do.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The articles on fishing operations and on the responsibilities of fishers, particularly the provisions concerning selective gear, minimising waste and discards, and lost gear
Must confirm:
That the Code sets out expectations for gear selectivity, for minimising waste and catch of non-target organisms, and for reducing lost and abandoned gear, and that it applies these as general principles across fisheries rather than to industrial fishing alone.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute the principles only to the fishery types the Code names, and present FishingHQ's application of them to recreational spearfishing as interpretation.
Code of conduct for visitors, and the motor-vehicle entrance fee
Javna ustanova Kamenjak — the public institution for Donji Kamenjak and the Medulin archipelago · Conservation authority
The Kamenjak institution's own visitor rules. The Mediterranean's first access source here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Cogden Beach: parking, facilities and the walk down
The Beach Guide · Credible secondary source
A beach directory, read for what Cogden does not have: no toilets, no cafe and a steep walk from the car park.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Collafirth Marina and Pier — facilities and approach
Shetland Islands Council and Promote Shetland · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own page for Collafirth pier. Cited for access and facilities only.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Conservation measures for recreational pollack fishing — Bye-Law No. 1028 of 2026
Inland Fisheries Ireland, for the Minister of State at the Department of Climate, Energy and the Environment, 2026 · Government fisheries body
Ireland's three-pollack daily bag limit, in force 1 June 2026 under Bye-Law 1028 of 2026. The only pollack bag limit this reading found to be actually in force.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Corkwing — an angler's diary of Scottish saltwater venues
loftyd, corkwing.co.uk · Practitioner report
A Scottish angler's own diary, fished from a kayak and a small inflatable. The first Scottish kayak evidence here, and the source that found a sea loch being confused here with a trout fishery.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
DAN guidance on freediving safety, hypoxia and shallow-water blackout
Divers Alert Network · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The principal diving-medicine safety organisation. Cited for the physiology of breath-hold blackout, which is the single most important safety fact in spearfishing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Declaration of the Mar de las Calmas Marine National Park: the proposal, and the stage it has reached
Ministerio para la Transición Ecológica y el Reto Demográfico — Organismo Autónomo Parques Nacionales, 2024 · Conservation authority
The proposed Mar de las Calmas marine national park off El Hierro: approved as a proposal in July 2024, still short of the Cortes. Registered so the page can say the rules are changing without saying they have changed.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Boletín Oficial del Estado for the declaring law, and the park's own regulations once made
Must confirm:
Whether the declaring law has passed the Cortes Generales, and if it has, what the park's regulations say about recreational angling, spearfishing and charter fishing inside the boundary.
If it supports something narrower:
If the law has not passed, the El Hierro records keep saying that the marine reserve is what is in force and that a declaration is in process. If it has, the regulation must be read before any rule is published from it — an announcement is not a rule.
Diet and feeding strategy of Northeast Atlantic mackerel (Scomber scombrus) in Icelandic waters
PLOS ONE, 2019 · Scientific literature
Peer-reviewed stomach-content analysis giving the quantitative answer to what Northeast Atlantic mackerel eat, including the size at which fish prey starts to matter.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Direção Regional dos Recursos Florestais: the Azorean inland waters open to sport angling — not readable
Direção Regional dos Recursos Florestais e Ordenamento Territorial, Região Autónoma dos Açores, 2026 · Government fisheries body
Carried as a NOT-ACCESSIBLE source, the same way FishingHQ records a port authority that returns 403. An unreadable source that nobody writes down gets re-attempted every programme.
Not yet checked · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The directorate's page "Locais onde é permitido a Pesca Desportiva", or the equivalent list in the regional official gazette
Must confirm:
Which named waters on which Azorean islands the directorate administers for sport angling, and which species it names in each — Sete Cidades in particular, which FishingHQ names but cannot yet describe.
If it supports something narrower:
If the list covers fewer waters than expected, or names no species, record what it does cover and leave the crater lakes without an administered-water statement rather than inferring one from the licence system.
Disciplina dell'attività di pesca sportiva, Area Marina Protetta di Portofino
Area Marina Protetta di Portofino · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The managing consortium of a marine protected area, on fishing inside it. Read because the obvious profile to write there is the one the rules forbid.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Do we need species-specific guidelines for catch-and-release recreational angling?
Biodiversity and Conservation 14:1195–1209, 2005 · Scientific literature
Cited where FishingHQ declines to give one release instruction for all fish. The refusal is a finding in the literature rather than editorial caution.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections assessing which handling variables generalise across species
Must confirm:
That the authors find general release guidance useful but incomplete, and that they identify hooking location, air exposure and gear choice among the variables whose effect direction is consistent across species.
If it supports something narrower:
Restrict FishingHQ's generalisation to the taxa the paper names and label the wider statement as interpretation.
Donaghadee Harbour
Ards and North Down Borough Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's harbour page. Detailed on facilities and silent on access, and recorded as both.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Dungeness Beach
The Beach Guide · Credible secondary source
A beach directory, read for surface and approach at a mark where the surface is the whole difficulty.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Dunraven Bay to Nash Point — the Wales Coast Path authority
Natural Resources Wales / Wales Coast Path · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The path authority beats the council on the council's own coast: surface, gradient, car parks at both ends, and a bus number.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
EMODnet — the European Marine Observation and Data Network
The European Commission, assembled from the national hydrographic offices, geological surveys and marine institutes of the member states · Scientific institute
Cited on continental European places for ground, substrate and depth character. Never cited for access, permission or any current rule, and never for a claim finer than the resolution it publishes.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The bathymetry, seabed substrate and seabed habitat products for the sea area concerned, and the coastline and human-activities layers where access or infrastructure is described
Must confirm:
That the depth profile, seabed substrate class and habitat type stated for a named European coastal feature match what the assembled national survey data shows for that location, at the resolution the product publishes rather than at a finer one.
If it supports something narrower:
State the substrate and the general depth character and drop any claim about a specific depth, a specific bank or a boundary between substrate types.
Environment Agency fisheries management, byelaws and rod licensing information
Environment Agency · Government fisheries body
The regulator for freshwater fisheries in ENGLAND. Cited only for the existence and shape of regulatory frameworks, never for what the current rules are.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The national byelaws and rod fishing licence guidance
Must confirm:
That FishingHQ describes the SHAPE of the licensing and byelaw framework correctly — that a licence exists, who administers it, what byelaws cover — without stating any current rule, date or price.
If it supports something narrower:
If any FishingHQ sentence can be read as stating a current rule, rewrite it as a concept and add the pattern to the scope audit.
FAO fishing gear types and fishing technology information
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations · Scientific institute
The standard international reference for commercial fishing gear mechanics. The basis of the Other Fishing records.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The gear type fact sheets for trawls, purse seines, longlines, pots and traps
Must confirm:
The mechanical description of each gear type and its characteristic selectivity and bycatch profile, and the mitigation measures described for longline seabird bycatch.
If it supports something narrower:
Restrict the FishingHQ description to gear mechanics and remove generalised impact statements.
FAO Species Identification Guides for Fishery Purposes and the FAO Species Catalogues
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations · Scientific institute
The second authoritative compilation behind the prey graph. Recorded with an explicit instruction about taxonomic granularity, because that is where diet claims go wrong.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The species account for each species FishingHQ states a diet or distribution claim from, in the relevant regional guide or family catalogue
Must confirm:
The binomial, the family placement, the stated food items, and the geographic range, read from the species account itself.
If it supports something narrower:
Encode the diet claim at the granularity the account uses — if it names a family or a functional group rather than a species, the connection must point at a taxon page and not at a species.
Fear of fishers: human predation explains behavioral changes in coral reef fishes
PLoS ONE 6(8): e22761, 2011 · Scientific literature
The evidential basis for treating diver avoidance as learned and measurable. Cited wherever FishingHQ says that heavily hunted fish are harder to approach, so that the statement is not resting on what divers report.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The flight initiation distance measurements comparing fished and protected reef areas, and the treatment of spearfishing as a distinct fishing pressure
Must confirm:
That flight initiation distance in targeted reef fish is measurably greater where fishing occurs than inside protected areas, that the effect is species-specific and stronger in larger-bodied targeted species, and that spearfishing is identified among the pressures driving it.
If it supports something narrower:
State the flight-distance finding only for the species groups and the reef system the paper actually measured, and label the general 'fish learn to avoid spearfishers' statement as interpretation rather than as a finding.
Filey Brigg Country Park
Welcome to Yorkshire · Credible secondary source
A destination body's park entry, read for the approach rather than for the fishing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fish and Fishery Products Hazards and Controls Guidance
US Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 2022 · Standards body
Read in full during an earlier pass. The evidence base for the catch-to-table layer: scombrotoxin, parasites and natural toxins. The mechanisms are published; the processor control limits are deliberately not.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
FishBase: a global information system on fishes
Froese, R. and D. Pauly, eds. — FishBase Consortium · Scientific institute
The most complete aggregation of published fish biology available, compiled from primary literature and itself widely cited in it. Used for taxonomy, size ranges, diet and current conservation category.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishers' Craft and Lettered Art: Tracts on Fishing from the End of the Middle Ages
University of Toronto Press, 1997 · Scientific literature
A scholarly edition of late-medieval fishing texts. The evidential basis for the history records, as distinct from popular retellings of them.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The editorial introduction and the comparative analysis of the tracts
Must confirm:
That medieval European fishing tracts circulated independently across several vernaculars with shared practical content, and how that tradition relates to the Treatyse.
If it supports something narrower:
Confine FishingHQ's claims to the specific traditions Hoffmann documents.
Fishing for mackerel: three great methods
Sea Angler magazine · Specialist angling publication
A mainstream UK sea-angling magazine article distinguishing the principal mackerel methods, used as corroborating practitioner evidence.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The full article text at the URL above, read end to end.
Must confirm:
Which three methods the article distinguishes, and any specific figures it gives for lure weight, retrieve speed or fishing depth.
If it supports something narrower:
If the article names methods without giving mechanism or figures, it stops being corroboration for anything numeric and remains support only for the claim that these are the methods UK anglers use.
Fishing from Southwold Pier — the operator's own page
Southwold Pier · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The operator's own angling page: a permit pier, with the species and the season stated by the people who run it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing in Lanzarote — a shore angler's trip report, September
Sea Angling Ireland, forum thread · Practitioner report
One angler, one week, seven named marks. The only Lanzarote source found that reaches a named mark.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing in the Canary Islands — locations and species, island by island
Canarian Weekly · Specialist angling publication
A Canary regional title. Useful at island tier; several of its species names do not resolve.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing in Wales — sea fishing marks and location guides
Angling Trust · Angling or fisheries organisation
The Angling Trust's Welsh destination resource, read across its sea fishing overview, its ten-mark feature and its location guides. The strongest Welsh angling source available.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing Knots — which knot for which line
Vermont Fish & Wildlife Department · Government fisheries body
Read, and then rejected as a diagram reference because it contains no tying steps. Retained because it settles the braid disagreement between the other two agency sources.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing Madeira, and jigging and popping the Azores islands
GT Fishing · Practitioner report
An operator's two Macaronesian destination guides. The only source read here that treats the Azorean seamounts as fishing ground.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing on Deal Pier
Dover District Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own fishing page for the pier it owns.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing on Scilly — the islands' visitor guide to sea angling
Isles of Scilly Holidays · Practitioner report
A visitor destination guide, read in full for the marks it names. Its single archipelago-wide species list is treated as what the islands hold, not as a claim about any one mark.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing parking permit — Promenade Lower Walk
Blackpool Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Blackpool Council's angler-specific parking permit, read in full. The live tram cables are the reason it is cited on a safety line as well as an access one.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Fishing with feathers and daylights
British Sea Fishing · Specialist angling publication
A UK sea-angling reference on feather and daylight rigs, used as corroborating practitioner evidence for how the method is worked.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The full article text at the URL above, read end to end.
Must confirm:
That the article describes working a feather rig down through the water column and jigging it back, and what it says about hook counts on a rig and about handling several hooked fish at once.
If it supports something narrower:
If the article turns out to describe only boat feathering, or to give no position on hook counts, FishingHQ's shore-feathering description drops to the remaining independent practitioner sources and the welfare note stands on its own reasoning rather than on a citation.
FISHMAG east coast sea fishing guide — Lincolnshire to the Thames
FISHMAG · Credible secondary source
The east coast guide from the publisher whose Scottish pages are the densest public coverage found for that stretch. Read for the Lincolnshire coast, which nothing else in the register reaches.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
FISHMAG Scotland east and west coast sea fishing guides
FISHMAG · Credible secondary source
A Scottish shore-mark guide written as local knowledge, read for both coasts. The densest public coverage of the Scottish east coast found in this research.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Five favourite Welsh sea fishing places — Visit Wales
Visit Wales · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Visit Wales on five Welsh venues. The only source in this register that names the spotted ray.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Florida Keys fishing guidance and destination material
Keys charter operators, booking platforms, destination guides and local fishing writers · Credible secondary source
The Keys layer. Strong on which fishery a species belongs to, weak on individual marks. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Guidance covering the Keys fisheries — flats, backcountry, bridges, reef and offshore
Must confirm:
Which species belong to which of the five fisheries, and which named bridge, flat or basin the material attaches them to.
If it supports something narrower:
Attach the species to the fishery rather than to a named mark. The Keys material is far more reliable about which KIND of ground a fish belongs to than about any individual spot.
Florida saltwater fishing regulations and Keys sanctuary rules
Florida state wildlife authority and the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary · Government fisheries body
The rules that define this fishery rather than merely constrain it. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
State saltwater licence and species rules, and the sanctuary's fishing regulations and zone map
Must confirm:
That a licence is required for shore, pier and bridge fishing; that bonefish and tarpon are catch-and-release; that shore-based shark fishing requires a permit and a course; and that sanctuary zones carry their own fishing restrictions.
If it supports something narrower:
State only what the authority currently carries. Never publish a size limit, season or permit condition as settled fact.
Fly Fishing: Knots & Rigging, Learning Center curriculum
Fly Fishers International · Angling or fisheries organisation
An angling body's own teaching curriculum, read in full. Numbered steps and turn counts for five knots that could not previously be drawn here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Freshwater Fishes of the British Isles
HarperCollins (New Naturalist 75), 1992 · Reference work
The standard British reference on freshwater fish biology, written by fisheries scientists. Excellent on identification and lifecycle; superseded on taxonomy.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The species accounts for each freshwater species FishingHQ covers
Must confirm:
Identification features, spawning timing and habitat associations.
If it supports something narrower:
Mark the FishingHQ statement as regional to the British Isles rather than general.
Freshwater Fishing
Macdonald & Jane's, 1975 · Specialist angling publication
A comprehensive compendium of British freshwater practice. Nominated as the canonical knot reference and unable to serve as one until it is read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on knots, rigs and species-specific method
Must confirm:
The knot constructions FishingHQ describes — particularly the Palomar, the grinner, the double overhand loop and the blood knot — stage by stage.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute specifically rather than generally, and downgrade any diagram resting on it.
Freshwater West to Broad Haven South — planning your walk
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Authority · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The national park authority on Freshwater West's access, read in full. The firing range is the substance of it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts
In: Pitcher TJ (ed.) Behaviour of Teleost Fishes, 2nd edn. Chapman & Hall, London, 1993 · Scientific literature
Cited on the schooling record. The reason that page is about what a school is for rather than what one looks like.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on predator confusion, the many-eyes effect, and the structural response of a school to an approaching predator
Must confirm:
That the anti-predator functions of shoaling include earlier detection through shared vigilance and reduced individual capture probability through the confusion effect, and that schools respond to an approaching predator with characteristic manoeuvres rather than simple dispersal.
If it supports something narrower:
Describe only the functions the chapter establishes and drop any FishingHQ statement about how a school responds specifically to a diver.
Garry Evans monthly catch reports
Garry Evans Fishing Tackle, Cardiff · Credible secondary source
A Cardiff tackle shop's monthly catch report. The most ordinary source in this register and the one that fixed the observation layer.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Gear restrictions for the recreational take of saltwater crustaceans, California Code of Regulations title 14 § 29.80
California Fish and Game Commission, as published by the Legal Information Institute · Government fisheries body
The California regulation that defines the crab loop trap. Read through a law-school republisher because the state's own server refused connection.
Passage read and verified · Restates: california-crustacean-gear-regulation-original
General angling website restatements of established technique
Various · Credible secondary source
RECORDED SO IT CAN BE DISCOUNTED. The mass of online angling content restates a handful of twentieth-century compendia; this page makes that structurally visible.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Restates: falkus-buller-freshwater-fishing
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Any given restatement
Must confirm:
Whether the restatement adds independent observation or reproduces the compendium tradition.
If it supports something narrower:
If it adds nothing it must never count towards independence — which `derivesFrom` already enforces.
Good Fish Guide
Marine Conservation Society · Conservation authority
A consumer-facing sustainability assessment grounded in stock and gear data. Used for the environmental records rather than the species pages.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The ratings methodology page
Must confirm:
That ratings are assigned to combinations of stock, gear and management rather than to species, and how the rating bands are defined.
If it supports something narrower:
Report the rating as stock-and-gear specific, which is how the Guide frames it.
Guaguas Global: the interurban bus network of Gran Canaria
Global (Guaguas Global), Gran Canaria, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Gran Canaria's equivalent of `intercity-lanzarote-lines` and `titsa-tenerife-lines`, and the island those two left uncovered.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Guia de Praias do Algarve: Tonel, Beliche and Mareta
Turismo do Algarve · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The regional tourism authority's own beach guide. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Vila do Bispo entries in the Algarve regional beach guide
Must confirm:
The parking described at each beach and whether it is formal or informal, the pedestrian access at each, and the limited-use classification and rockfall-risk statement for Tonel and Beliche.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep the rockfall statement above everything else. It is the one item here that is a safety claim, and it comes from the regional tourism authority rather than from a guidebook.
Guías de zonas de pesca en Canarias — Tenerife, Gran Canaria y Lanzarote
GuíaCanarias · Credible secondary source
A Canarian destination publisher's island fishing-zone guides. Useful for enumerating fished coast rather than for depth at any one mark.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Holy Island safe crossing times — Northumberland County Council's own service
Northumberland County Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The authority for the Lindisfarne causeway. Read for the SHAPE of its guidance; not one published time is carried.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Holyhead Breakwater Country Park
Isle of Anglesey County Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council describing the country park it manages at the landward end of the breakwater. Access and facilities only; it says nothing about angling and is not cited for any.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
How to get to Hurst Castle: the spit walk and the Keyhaven ferry
Hurst Castle Ferries · Specialist angling publication
The ferry operator's own access page, and the only public statement of how Hurst Spit is reached.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
How to Tie Fishing Knots — uni, blood, improved blood, surgeon's and loop knots
Recreational Boating & Fishing Foundation (Take Me Fishing) · Angling or fisheries organisation
A national angling-participation charity's knot library. Read in full for the blood, surgeon's and loop knots, and used with a stated reservation: the material is competent on topology and demonstrably sloppy on step order.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Humane Harvesting of Fish: percussive stunning and percussive equipment
Humane Slaughter Association · Angling or fisheries organisation
Recorded as a known and named gap in the dispatch evidence rather than as a citation. Nothing rests on it.
Not yet checked · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The percussive stunning and percussive equipment pages of the Humane Harvesting of Fish resource.
Must confirm:
Where on the skull the blow must land for a hand-held priest, the mechanism by which a percussive blow produces insensibility, what the HSA states about the priest's dependence on the operator's strength and consistency, and which reflex checks it recommends for confirming insensibility.
If it supports something narrower:
If the resource addresses only commercial harvest stations and not hand-held dispatch by an individual, say so and continue to rest the dispatch record on the peer-reviewed review instead, which is where it rests now.
Humane stunning or stun/killing in the slaughter of wild-caught finfish: The scientific evidence base
Animal Welfare (Universities Federation for Animal Welfare), volume 34, e33, 2025 · Scientific literature
The evidence base for the dispatch record. Cited for the standard a stun must meet and for the welfare position of leaving a fish to die in air or on ice.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
ICES Advice on fishing opportunities, catch and effort
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea · Scientific institute
The scientific body providing stock assessment and advice for the North Atlantic. Used for the fact that assessment happens at stock level, never for a specific figure.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The stock advice sheet for the relevant stock and year
Must confirm:
That the stock status characterisation used on FishingHQ pages reflects the most recent advice, and that it is attributed to the correct stock rather than to the species as a whole.
If it supports something narrower:
Replace any species-level statement with a stock-level one, or remove it.
IGFA International Angling Rules and World Record Requirements
International Game Fish Association · Angling or fisheries organisation
The body maintaining international angling records and line class standards. Cited wherever a line rating is discussed as a measured quantity rather than a label.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Importance of recreational shore angling in the archipelago of Madeira (northeast Atlantic)
Scientia Marina (CSIC), vol. 84 no. 4, 2020 · Scientific literature
The study that establishes Madeiran shore angling as a 520-tonne resident fishery rather than a holiday activity. Read in FULL: its 51-taxon catch table is the source of the Madeiran catch rows.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland regional sea angling guides
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2013 · Government fisheries body
Inland Fisheries Ireland's own regional sea angling guides, read as extracted text from the published PDFs. The statutory body describing the fishery it is statutorily responsible for.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland regional sea angling guides — the numbered mark entries
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2013 · Government fisheries body
The systematic pass over Inland Fisheries Ireland's own mark entries, after an earlier pass sampled them. The statutory body describing the fishery it is responsible for, mark by mark.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland: South West Sea Angling Guide — Cork Harbour to Mine Head
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2020 · Government fisheries body
Cork Harbour to Mine Head. The guide's longest mark entries, and its clearest dated seasonal claim.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland: South West Sea Angling Guide — the Kerry and Beara angling marks
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2020 · Government fisheries body
The Kerry and Beara mark sections of the 2020 guide, recovered by rendering the pages that could previously only be extracted as text.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland: South West Sea Angling Guide — the west and south Cork angling marks
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2020 · Government fisheries body
West and south Cork from the statutory guide. Four estuary marks that name gilthead bream and golden grey mullet together.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland: the national angling reports — boat, charter and kayak
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2026 · Government fisheries body
The afloat half of the same report stream, kept as a separate record because a commercial skipper's account and a club match card are different evidence and reviewing them under one context would flatten that.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Inland Fisheries Ireland: the national angling reports — shore and competition
Inland Fisheries Ireland, 2026 · Government fisheries body
The role is `original` rather than `aggregator` because IFI publishes these as its own editorial output and the clubs who observed the fish are not themselves catalogued sources; the distance from the observation is carried by `evidenceType: secondary` and by each observation's own type. The article pages, the category feeds and the machine-readable feed are all behind a Cloudflare check; the main feed is not, and it carries complete article bodies.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Intercity Lanzarote (Arrecife Bus): the island bus network
Arrecife Bus / Intercity Lanzarote · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Lanzarote bus operator's own line index. Line 09 terminates at the Orzola quay, which is unusual enough to be worth recording.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The operator's line index, and the line 09 and line 60 pages
Must confirm:
That a scheduled interurban bus line still runs from Arrecife to Orzola and terminates at the Orzola quay, and that Arrecife to Playa Blanca is still served.
If it supports something narrower:
If a line is withdrawn or its terminus moves off the quay, the public transport sentence on the affected access block must be removed rather than softened — a bus that no longer reaches the mark is not a reduced claim, it is a wrong one.
Isles of Scilly Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority
Council of the Isles of Scilly · Government fisheries body
The archipelago's own inshore fisheries regulator, read to establish that it exists and is separate from Cornwall IFCA. No byelaw number is carried across.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
JNCC species and habitat conservation advice
Joint Nature Conservation Committee · Conservation authority
The UK's statutory adviser on nature conservation. Used for habitat and protected-site concepts.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chalk rivers habitat account and the designated-site guidance
Must confirm:
The characterisation of chalk rivers as a distinct, groundwater-fed protected habitat type.
If it supports something narrower:
Reduce the claim to the habitat description JNCC actually publishes.
Kayak Fishing Lanzarote — trip and contact pages
Kayak Fishing Lanzarote · Credible secondary source
An operator's own account of guided kayak and shore fishing in Lanzarote — the first kayak evidence here for anywhere in Macaronesia.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Killard Point and Ballyhornan, 3 April 2009 — a blank session
Sea Angling Ireland forum · Practitioner report
A dated ten-hour blank. Registered for the ground it establishes and for the species list it refuses to provide.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Knot tying lesson plan, I FISH NY
New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, 2013 · Government fisheries body
A state fisheries agency's beginner knot curriculum, read in full. The only numbered dropper-loop sequence found in this research.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Knots Every Angler Should Know
Iowa Department of Natural Resources, 2015 · Government fisheries body
A US state fisheries agency's own knot instruction. Read in full and used as a canonical sequence reference for four knot diagrams — the first such reference that has actually been read and can support one.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Knots You Need To Know
Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
An extension-service knot leaflet, read in full. An independent second voice on the arbor knot and the dropper loop.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
La pesca en Tenerife — the island authority's own account of its fisheries
Cabildo Insular de Tenerife · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Cabildo de Tenerife on its own fisheries. Names where the fleet works, and corroborates the Canarian names independently of the fisheries directorate.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
La pesca recreativa en Canarias: aspectos principales y evolución — doctoral thesis, David Jiménez Alvarado
Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 2016 · Scientific literature
The study that establishes Canary recreational fishing as ~47% of all catches in the archipelago. Read at abstract level; the full text is a live target.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The thesis full text — the per-island catch and effort chapters in particular.
Must confirm:
The per-island breakdown of recreational catch and effort, and whether the western islands — La Palma, La Gomera, El Hierro — are reported separately or only within an archipelago total.
If it supports something narrower:
Nothing carried depends on a per-island figure, because none is claimed. Only the archipelago-level scale statements are used, and they are what the published abstract and record state.
La Restinga: beach, access and facilities
Cabildo de El Hierro and Ayuntamiento de El Pinar de El Hierro · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The island authority's own description of La Restinga. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The La Restinga beach page on the Cabildo's tourism site and the Ayuntamiento's own page for the beach
Must confirm:
The road that reaches the village, the existence of parking, the stated access for people with reduced mobility, and the toilet and shower provision.
If it supports something narrower:
Drop the affected field. Nothing here is load-bearing for safety.
Lanzafishing — shop listing on El Jalón Club de Pesca's sponsor page
El Jalón Club de Pesca · Credible secondary source
A fishing club's own page about its sponsoring tackle shop in Arrecife — an independent listing, and the only current source found for this business.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Lateral line system of fish
Integrative Zoology 4:13–25, 2009 · Scientific literature
Cited for what the lateral line actually does, which is narrower than what lure descriptions usually imply.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on neuromast function, stimulus range and hydrodynamic imaging
Must confirm:
That the lateral line responds to water motion and pressure gradients in the near field rather than to sound at distance, the approximate spatial scale over which it operates, and that fish use it to detect prey-generated flow.
If it supports something narrower:
Remove any FishingHQ statement about the range at which a lure's vibration is detectable and keep only the mechanism.
Learn to fish: tying the knot
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, 2025 · Government fisheries body
A second, independent government fishing-education source for the same three knots. Its value is that it was written separately from the Iowa page and agrees with it — and that where it disagrees with FishingHQ, it does so on the record.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Licencias de pesca marítima de recreo
Gobierno de Canarias, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Soberanía Alimentaria · Government fisheries body
The Canary administration's own licensing page, and the reason the €15-at-the-cabildo claim is not in the product.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Lizard Point access statement and visitor information
National Trust · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The National Trust's access statement for Lizard Point. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Lizard Point access statement PDF, and the Lizard Point visitor page on the National Trust site
Must confirm:
The car park's operator and charging basis, the presence and number of Blue Badge bays, the surface and gradient of the route to the point, the toilet provision, and the National Trust's own statement about the coast path being unsuitable for wheelchairs.
If it supports something narrower:
Drop the field that is no longer supported. Never carry an access statement forward on the strength of a previous version — an access statement is dated and a superseded one is worse than none.
Llandudno Pier — the operator's own visitor information
Llandudno Pier · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The pier operator's own statement that fishing is no longer permitted there — the source that stopped five species being published for a venue an angler cannot fish.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Lofotodden National Park: access, parking and park rules
Lofotodden nasjonalpark (Norwegian national park authority) · Conservation authority
The park authority for the outer Lofoten coast. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The welcome page and the Kvalvika and Ryten route page on the park authority's site
Must confirm:
Which car parks serve the park and who operates each, the authority's own warning about roadside parking, the absence of toilets on the path, and the published park rules.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep the authority's statements about parking and about there being no toilets. Both are facts a visitor plans around.
Managed-fishery operator information, read on 29 August 2026
The named fisheries themselves — eight managed waters and access schemes across Britain, each read on its own website and on its published rules page where one exists, 2026 · Credible secondary source
The verification pass behind eight managed-fishery records. Its most useful finding is that a fishery's rules cannot be inferred from its type.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Marine fishes of the Azores: an annotated checklist and bibliography
Santos, Porteiro & Barreiros — Arquipélago, Life and Marine Sciences, Supplement 1, University of the Azores, 1997 · Scientific literature
The 1997 University of the Azores checklist. Presence, local names, and — uniquely — what has previously been misidentified there.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Marine Protected Areas South Africa: the national MPA information resource
Marine Protected Areas South Africa, a collaboration of South African marine conservation and research bodies, 2026 · Conservation authority
The protected-area regime that sits over the national permit. Cited for extent, zonation purpose and managing body; never for whether a particular stretch is open.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Marine Recreational Fishing Information and Permit Conditions Brochure
Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Republic of South Africa (DFFE), 2024 · Government fisheries body
South Africa's regulator on its own permit conditions, and the source that makes the Cape West Coast publishable rather than merely described.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Marine Recreational Fishing Regulations in South Africa
South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR), summarising the Marine Living Resources Act and its regulations, 2023 · Scientific institute
The per-species table. Cited for sizes, bag limits and closed seasons; never counted as independent of the law it restates.
Passage read and verified · Restates: sa-marine-linefishing-regulations
Marine Recreational Fishing: Regulations for Linefishing, under the Marine Living Resources Act
Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, South Africa (published as issued under Act 18 of 1998), 2000 · Government fisheries body
The department's own leaflet. Carries the general rules; superseded on the elf closed season by the 2023 restatement, which is recorded rather than silently preferred.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Met Office shipping forecast, inshore waters forecast and marine warnings
Met Office, United Kingdom · Government fisheries body
The second of the two forecasters, cited so the material is about reading a forecast rather than about reading a British one.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The inshore waters forecast definitions and the sea state and visibility scales
Must confirm:
The area structure of the inshore waters forecast, the definitions used for sea state and visibility, and the gale warning criteria.
If it supports something narrower:
Describe only the forecast elements the source defines and drop the rest.
Minimum sizes byelaw — the district's own table, and the warning attached to it
Kent and Essex Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority · Government fisheries body
One English district's minimum sizes, and the regulator's own warning that they differ elsewhere. Used to show the shape of cod regulation rather than to state a national number.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Monster cod and coalfish in Shetland — boat fishing off Unst
Alba Game Fishing · Practitioner report
An operator's account of the deep ground off Unst. Carried for mode and species only.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
More light game fun on Madeira — a February light-rock diary at named harbours
Something Fishy Going On (angling blog), 2017 · Practitioner report
The Lanzarote diarist on Madeira, in February. Eight species in common, which is how the Macaronesian unlock proved it was not a Lanzarote unlock.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Mull of Galloway nature reserve — RSPB visitor information
RSPB · Conservation authority
Scotland's southernmost point. Everything with a roof on it shuts at the end of October.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Mumbles Pier: opening hours, facilities and fishing platform status
Mumbles Pier (Amusement Equipment Co. Ltd) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The pier operator's own site. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The opening hours, the pier and the fishing pages on the operator's own site
Must confirm:
The operator's own current statement about the fishing platforms, and the facilities it lists.
If it supports something narrower:
State only what the operator currently states. This is the one subject on which the operator is the ONLY authority, and FishingHQ must not describe a facility it has closed.
NASCO conservation and management of North Atlantic salmon
North Atlantic Salmon Conservation Organization · Government fisheries body
The intergovernmental body for Atlantic salmon conservation. Used for the migratory life history and the documented decline.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The state of North Atlantic salmon stocks reports
Must confirm:
The characterisation of Atlantic salmon marine survival decline and the drivers NASCO identifies.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute each driver individually rather than as a combined statement.
National rod fishing byelaws for England: freshwater fishing with a rod and line
Environment Agency, published on GOV.UK, 2026 · Government fisheries body
The English freshwater rules. Its most useful sentence is the one saying the trout close season is regional rather than national.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council: the car parks it manages
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council, 2023 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's own asset schedules, reached as PDFs from its parking page. One document supplies parking for three coastal marks at once.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council: the Newcastle public toilet blocks
Newry, Mourne and Down District Council, 2024 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Read for the Changing Places facility, which is the kind of accessibility fact FishingHQ has almost none of.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
NIFSA competition venues, dates and species leagues
Northern Ireland Federation of Sea Anglers · Angling or fisheries organisation
The Northern Irish federation's own season, published by venue, date and species. A body scheduling a national competition for one species on three named days is stronger seasonal evidence than any guide.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
NOAA Diving Manual: Diving for Science and Technology
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Department of Commerce · Scientific institute
The optics authority behind the apparent-size and apparent-distance records. Cited so that refraction is physics on this platform rather than diving folklore.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapter on the physics of diving, specifically the sections on refraction through a mask, apparent size and distance, and the attenuation and scattering of light in water
Must confirm:
That objects viewed through a flat mask faceplate appear approximately a quarter closer and about a third larger than they are, that this follows from the refractive index difference between water and air, and that turbidity increases scattering such that apparent distance judgements degrade further in poor visibility.
If it supports something narrower:
Explain the refraction mechanism and the direction of the error without quoting the quarter-and-a-third figures, which is the position the record already takes for anything beyond a clear-water flat faceplate.
NOAA National Ocean Service education on estuaries and the National Estuarine Research Reserve System
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States · Government fisheries body
Cited for how an estuary works physically, which is what makes the fishing legible rather than mysterious.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The estuary tutorial sections on salinity gradients, stratification and nursery function
Must confirm:
That estuarine salinity varies with tide and freshwater input along a gradient, that salt wedge and partially mixed structures occur and depend on flow and tidal energy, and that estuaries function as nursery habitat for a large share of coastal fish species.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep the salinity-gradient description and remove any FishingHQ statement about the proportion of species that use estuaries as nurseries.
NOAA National Weather Service marine forecasts and marine weather services
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States · Government fisheries body
One of two national forecasters cited so the weather-window material describes a class of product rather than one country's.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The marine forecast product descriptions and the definitions of the warning tiers
Must confirm:
What a coastal, offshore and high-seas forecast covers, what wind speed thresholds define a small craft advisory, a gale warning and a storm warning, and that forecast wave height is a significant wave height rather than a maximum.
If it supports something narrower:
Describe the tiers qualitatively and remove any wind-speed figures the product descriptions do not state.
NOAA Ocean Service tides and water levels educational tutorial
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, United States · Government fisheries body
Used for the physics of tides in the sea fishing pillar. Deliberately chosen over a single-country hydrographic source so this page does not describe one coast's tides as the general case.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
NOAA research and management guidance on the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish
NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science · Scientific institute
Cited on the Caribbean and invasive-species material. The reason FishingHQ can say removal helps there without implying that spearfishing is conservation generally.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The invasive lionfish research programme pages and removal-effectiveness findings
Must confirm:
That Pterois lionfish are established as an invasive predator in the western Atlantic and Caribbean, that targeted removal by divers is used as a local management measure, and that its documented effect is local and requires sustained effort rather than being an eradication.
If it supports something narrower:
State that removal is practised and encouraged in places, and drop any FishingHQ statement about measured ecological recovery following removal.
North Devon & Exmoor Angling News
North Devon & Exmoor Angling News, 2024 · Specialist angling publication
The reported closure behind the one `closure_reported` record in the pilot. Read via a search summary rather than directly; the verification target says what to confirm.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The article "End of an era — Summerlands Tackle to close", 29 August 2024
Must confirm:
That the shop's final trading day was 14 September 2024, that Nick Laws founded it in 1985, and that his daughter and son-in-law had taken it on. Whether any part of the business — mail order, online — continued after the retail closure.
If it supports something narrower:
If the article turns out to report an intention rather than a completed closure, the record must drop from `closure_reported` to `verification_required` and say that the closure was announced and not confirmed.
North-west sea fishing marks: Anglesey, the Llŷn and the north Wales coast
Turners Tackle · Practitioner report
A north Wales tackle shop's own mark guides, read for Moelfre and the regional overview. Useful mainly for ground and hazard.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Northern Bites — published club match results from north-east England marks
Planet Sea Fishing · Specialist angling publication
Club match results from north-east marks. The first match-card evidence here, and it filled a famous pier that had nothing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Northern Norway sea-fishing tour operators and camps
Specialist Nordic sea-fishing holiday operators and registered fishing camps · Practitioner report
Establishes the northern Norwegian species and seasons, and the port-versus-ground separation this coast depends on. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Destination and species pages describing the grounds worked, the species and the months
Must confirm:
The species targeted, the months stated for them, and the ground — separately from the port or camp the trip departs from.
If it supports something narrower:
Attach the species to the ground. A camp is a place to sleep, not a place a halibut was caught.
Norwegian sea angling and tourist fishing regulations
Fiskeridirektoratet, Norwegian customs and registered tourist fishing operators restating them · Government fisheries body
The reason "no licence required" is a misleading summary of Norway. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The directorate's sea-angling regulations pages and the export quota guidance
Must confirm:
That no licence is required for sea angling; that handheld tackle only is permitted; that selling a recreational catch is prohibited; the minimum sizes by species; and that export is quota-limited and available only through a registered business.
If it supports something narrower:
State only the rules the authority currently carries and route the reader for the rest. Never publish a quota figure as though it were stable.
Ocean Freediving Lanzarote — school and course pages
Ocean Freediving Lanzarote · Credible secondary source
A Lanzarote freediving school's own course list and instructor credentials, and the second spearfishing-adjacent school listed here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
On the Lincolnshire smoothhounds
Planet Sea Fishing, 2016 · Specialist angling publication
A dated specialist feature on the Lincolnshire smooth-hound fishery. Fifty fish to fifteen pounds in one session, the species separated by name, and no mark given — which is what decides where it attaches.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Operator-published information for the fishing services pilot, read on 28 August 2026
The named operators themselves — eleven fishing businesses in Cornwall, Devon, Perthshire and Aberdeenshire, plus two UK-wide online retailers, each read on its own website, 2026 · Credible secondary source
The single verification pass behind the services pilot. Its most useful finding is the failure rate rather than any individual listing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Operator-published information for the Macaronesian services, read on 29 August 2026
The named operators themselves — charter businesses in Madeira, the Azores, Tenerife and Gran Canaria, and a Tenerife tackle shop, each read on its own website · Credible secondary source
The second operator verification pass, this one across Macaronesia. Six trading businesses described, three sites unreachable, and month-by-month seasons that no authority publishes.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
ORI Fish Fact Sheets: the species accounts of the Oceanographic Research Institute
Oceanographic Research Institute, South African Association for Marine Biological Research (SAAMBR), Durban, 2023 · Scientific institute
The species foundation for South Africa. A research institute publishing its own tagging and ageing results per species, with the recreational rules attached.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Oystermouth and Mumbles Head circular walk
Wales Coast Path (Natural Resources Wales and partners) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The official coast path description, and the source of the tidal cut-off statement. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The Oystermouth and Mumbles Head circular walk itinerary on the Wales Coast Path
Must confirm:
That reaching Mumbles Head from the pier crosses a beach that must be walked at low water, and the step counts on the surrounding path.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep the tidal statement above everything else. It is the one fact on this page that can hurt somebody.
Permit conditions: bluefin tuna catch and release recreational fishery 2026
Welsh Government (GOV.WALES), 2026 · Government fisheries body
The Welsh permit conditions in full, including the authorised area. Cited for the regime as the authority states it: season, permit, eligibility, method, retention, reporting and welfare. Never as permission, never as advice to an individual reader, and never carried from one UK jurisdiction to another.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pesca deportiva en Lanzarote — the island's own guide to sport fishing
Turismo Lanzarote (Cabildo de Lanzarote) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The island authority's own account of its sport fishing. Species by modality, areas rather than marks.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pesca desportiva em águas interiores — the Azores inland fishing regime
Direção Regional dos Recursos Florestais e Ordenamento Territorial, Governo dos Açores · Government fisheries body
The Azores regional directorate on inland fishing. Read because a freshwater guard named the gap the moment two crater lakes were written.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pesca en Ibiza y Formentera: sargo, mero y dentón
HayPesca · Credible secondary source
A Spanish-language domestic angling guide to the Balearics. Depth bands, jig weights, egi sizes and months, which the English-language material for this coast does not carry.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pesca en Tenerife and Pesca en las Islas Canarias — a Spanish angling guide
EsPesca · Credible secondary source
A Spanish angling guide. Read for the marks it names and the modality it attaches to each; its species list is island-tier and is used only as corroboration.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pescasub Lanzarote — shop and contact pages
Pescasub Lanzarote · Credible secondary source
The Canaries' first specialist spearfishing shop listed here, and the source that settled its address against a contradicting listing.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pike and the Pike Angler
Stanley Paul, 1981 · Specialist angling publication
The standard specialist work on pike angling, and the origin of FishingHQ's scepticism about size claims.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on deadbaiting, on wire traces and on large pike
Must confirm:
The deadbaiting method, the reasoning for a bite-resistant trace, and the treatment of exceptional-size claims.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute the practice to Buller specifically and check whether other originals record it independently before calling it consensus.
Pike Anglers' Club of Great Britain guidance on pike care and handling
Pike Anglers' Club of Great Britain, 1977 · Angling or fisheries organisation
The UK's specialist pike organisation, founded 1977. Genuinely independent of the angling press, and the source of the 18°C warm-water threshold.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pike: Biology and Exploitation
Chapman & Hall (Fish and Fisheries Series 19), 1996 · Scientific literature
The standard scientific monograph on Esox lucius. Metadata verified; contents unread. Its load has been redistributed to the author's readable 2008 review.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on feeding ecology and on growth
Must confirm:
Pike feeding ecology, prey selection by size, and the growth pattern producing large females — the last of which is the claim least supported by the 2008 review paper that now stands alongside this book.
If it supports something narrower:
Reduce the FishingHQ statements to the specific populations studied.
Places to kayak and fish in Cornwall
Cornish Kayak Angler · Practitioner report
A Cornish kayak angler venue index. The first source here that says where kayak fishing actually happens.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Places to kayak fish in Cornwall — the north coast venue pages
Cornish Kayak Angler · Practitioner report
North Cornwall kayak venues. The pages behind the index.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Places to kayak fish in Cornwall — the south coast venue pages
Cornish Kayak Angler · Practitioner report
South Cornwall kayak venues. The pages that separate river fishing from reef fishing at one venue.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Places to kayak fish in Cornwall — the west coast venue pages
Cornish Kayak Angler · Practitioner report
West Cornwall kayak venues, including the two the source states are for experienced paddlers only.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Plugging for squid: the art of eging
The Fisherman · Specialist angling publication
A specialist angling feature on eging, read in full. The source for what an egi actually is and how it is worked.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Pollack (Pollachius pollachius) — MarLIN species record
The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom · Scientific institute
Pollack habitat and the ambush-from-below behaviour, from a national marine institute's own species account. The mechanism behind every retrieve instruction in the profile.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The MarLIN species record for Pollachius pollachius, biology and habitat sections
Must confirm:
That the page describes the ambush behaviour used in the profile — holding near the bottom below a shoal, rising to take a fish and returning — and the depth and habitat range attributed to it.
If it supports something narrower:
If MarLIN describes the behaviour less specifically than the profile does, the mechanism is demoted to practitioner support and labelled as anglers' observation rather than as recorded biology.
Portland Bill car park
Portland Town Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Portland Town Council on the Bill car park, read in full. Registered mainly because it names the Crown Estate as the operator.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portos dos Açores — the archipelago's port and marina network
Portos dos Açores, S.A. (Azores regional port authority) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Azores port authority's own network list. Geography only — it says nothing about fishing and is not used as though it did.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portos dos Açores: the marina and port of Horta, Faial
Portos dos Açores, S.A. — the Azorean regional port authority · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The regional port authority on Horta marina: 300 berths behind a breakwater on the south-east coast of Faial, with its services listed. The departure point for the Azorean charter fleet.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portos dos Açores: the port authority's marina records
Portos dos Açores, S.A., 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Azores held ZERO access blocks across eighteen records before this. It is the archipelago whose ports are best documented by their own authority and whose shore is worst documented by anybody.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portos dos Açores: the ports of Flores and Corvo
Portos dos Açores, S.A., the regional port authority of the Azores, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The regional port authority on the three harbours of Flores and Corvo. Coordinates, quays, pilotage — and one facility that is out of service.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portpatrick Harbour Community Benefit Society: harbour facilities
Portpatrick Harbour Community Benefit Society, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The body that runs the harbour, describing it. Read specifically because a kayak launch is recorded here and a launch condition is the fact that changes the trip.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portrush Harbour
Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council's harbour page for Portrush. Detailed on the water and silent on the land.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portstewart Strand — visitor information
The National Trust · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The National Trust on its own strand. The fact worth having is that the car park is the beach and everybody has to be off it by a posted time.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Portuguese-language Algarve shore angling material
Portuguese angling blogs, pesqueiro directories and regional angling Q&A sites · Credible secondary source
The Portuguese-language layer, and the reason the Algarve pilot has marks the English sources do not know about. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Pesqueiro listings and coastal fishing guidance naming specific Algarve beaches, moles and lagoon channels
Must confirm:
That the named praia, molhe or canal is presented as a place people fish from the shore, and which species the material names against it.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade to `recorded`. A local name for a fish that cannot be resolved to a named species is dropped entirely rather than guessed at.
Preguntas frecuentes sobre pesca — Gobierno de Canarias
Gobierno de Canarias, Dirección General de Pesca · Government fisheries body
The Canary fisheries authority's own FAQ. Registered so that seventy-five places can name the body to ask, and republished nowhere.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Preliminary assessment of surf-zone and estuarine line-fish species of the Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area
Venter & Mann, Koedoe 54(1), Art. #1059, for the Eastern Cape Parks and Tourism Agency and the Oceanographic Research Institute, 2012 · Scientific literature
Seven research-angling trips inside a no-take Wild Coast MPA, 2009–2010, at three named sites. The strongest South African catch evidence here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Public fishing video naming its own location
Public video platforms · Practitioner report
Retained as a declared and currently unusable channel. Zero published observations rest on it; see the findings for why.
Not yet checked · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Published fishing video in which the uploader names the location in the title or description
Must confirm:
That the LOCATION IS NAMED BY THE UPLOADER, that the species is explicitly shown or named, and that the context is unambiguously recreational fishing.
If it supports something narrower:
Reject. A video that does not name its own location establishes nothing FishingHQ may use, and identifying a place from its scenery is prohibited outright.
Public fishing video with an explicitly stated location
Various public video platforms · Practitioner report
Video as a discovery and observation source, admissible only where the uploader states the location. Scenery is never geolocated.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
An individual video whose uploader names the fishing location in the title or description
Must confirm:
That the LOCATION IS STATED BY THE UPLOADER, that a species is identifiable, and that the mode is visible. Scenery is not a location.
If it supports something narrower:
Reject the observation. A video that shows an unnamed rock establishes nothing, and recognising the coastline is precisely the inference FishingHQ forbids.
Puerto Colón, Adeje: the marina operator's own account
Puerto Colón (Adeje, Tenerife), with the Canary Islands tourism board's port register · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The largest charter marina in Tenerife, in Adeje on the sheltered south-west coast. Berth capacity, maximum length and services; the pending change to commercial-operator authorisation is flagged and not claimed.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The marina's own pages at puertocolon.com, and its port byelaws or tariff schedule
Must confirm:
That the marina itself states the berth figures, the 24-metre maximum length overall and the service list recorded here, rather than only the tourism board's register doing so.
If it supports something narrower:
If the operator publishes different figures, the place page takes the operator's and the register is demoted to corroboration. If it publishes none, the record keeps the register as its only source and says so.
Puerto del Carmen and Playa Chica — the town council's own pages
Ayuntamiento de Tías, Lanzarote · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council that runs Puerto del Carmen. Read for facilities and access; its announced parking scheme is deliberately not carried.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Puertos Canarios: the Gran Canaria port entries, and what they do not contain
Puertos Canarios (Gobierno de Canarias), 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Carried as evidence of an absence. The two Gran Canaria ports described here are both stubs on the authority's own site.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Puertos Canarios: the port file cards
Puertos Canarios (Gobierno de Canarias) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Canary Islands government's own port file cards for the eastern islands. Three of the four state on the form that they have no car park.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Puertos Canarios: the port file cards for Tenerife and the western islands
Puertos Canarios (Gobierno de Canarias) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The western Canary port file cards. Three of the five say plainly what is wrong with the harbour.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Real Decreto 347/2011, de 11 de marzo, por el que se regula la pesca marítima de recreo en aguas exteriores
Boletín Oficial del Estado, Gobierno de España, 2011 · Government fisheries body
The Spanish statutory frame for recreational spearfishing in exterior waters, quoted from the gazette rather than from any summary of it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Recompression improves release success in pollack (Pollachius pollachius)
Fisheries Management and Ecology (Wiley), with the University of Plymouth, 2026 · Scientific literature
Measured post-release success for pollack: 56 per cent released at the surface against over 80 per cent returned near catch depth, for fish taken deeper than about 20 m. The centre of the pollack profile.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Recreational Dungeness crab fishing rules
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife · Government fisheries body
Washington's own recreational crab rules, read in full. Registered mainly for the contrast with California.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Recreational fishing — salmon and recreational fisheries policy
The Scottish Government, 2026 · Government fisheries body
No licence, one national trout close time, and permission from the owner of the fishing rights. The Scottish position, from the Scottish Government.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Recreational fishing and the shellfish permit — North Eastern IFCA
North Eastern Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authority · Government fisheries body
The first IFCA in the register. Registered so recreational potting can be a method at all, and with every number on the page left where it belongs.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
REDPROMAR — the Canary Government's marine observation and species network
Gobierno de Canarias, Consejería de Transición Ecológica — REDPROMAR, with GRAFCAN · Conservation authority
The Canary Government's marine observation network. Corroborates presence and settles vernacular names; its sighting locations are deliberately unused.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Reef Fish Spawning Aggregations: Biology, Research and Management
Springer, Fish & Fisheries Series vol. 35, 2012 · Scientific literature
Cited on the spawning-aggregation record and wherever FishingHQ says that selectivity does not prevent local depletion. The evidential centre of the conservation family.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on aggregation vulnerability to fishing, on documented aggregation declines and disappearances, and on the management measures applied to aggregation sites
Must confirm:
That transient spawning aggregations concentrate a large share of a population's reproductive output in predictable places and times, that they are disproportionately vulnerable to fishing because catch rates stay high while the population falls, and that a number of documented aggregations have declined sharply or ceased to form after being fished.
If it supports something narrower:
State the vulnerability mechanism and name only the species groups and regions the volume actually documents, and drop any general claim about aggregations failing to reform.
Regulation of lead fishing weights results in mute swan population recovery
Biological Conservation, 2019 · Scientific literature
Turns the lead story from a restriction into a restriction with a measured outcome, which is a far more useful thing for a reader to know.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The results section reporting the mute swan population index before and after 1987
Must confirm:
That the recovery in the mute swan population index is attributed to the lead weight regulation rather than to a confounding factor, and the size of the effect.
If it supports something narrower:
Report the association without attributing causation, and say which other factors the authors considered.
Reserva marina de la isla de La Graciosa y los islotes del norte de Lanzarote — características, zonificación y usos
Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación and the Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Soberanía Alimentaria del Gobierno de Canarias, who manage the reserve jointly, 2026 · Government fisheries body
The two administrations that run Spain's largest marine reserve, on exactly which kinds of fishing are permitted in it and where.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Reserva Marina del entorno de la Punta de La Restinga - Mar de las Calmas
Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentacion and the Gobierno de Canarias fisheries directorate · Government fisheries body
The two bodies that administer the water off La Restinga. The issuing body's own current page was opened and read during this research window.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The reserve's characteristics and information pages on the MAPA marine reserves site, and the Gobierno de Canarias fisheries page for the same reserve
Must confirm:
That the reserve exists, its co-administration between the state and the Canary Islands government, and that it is zoned with different rules in each zone.
If it supports something narrower:
State that a marine reserve covers this water and name both administering bodies. Never state what any zone permits.
Reservas marinas de España — Isla Graciosa, La Restinga and Isla de La Palma
Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (MAPA) and Gobierno de Canarias, Reservas Marinas de Canarias · Conservation authority
The three Canary marine reserves from their own managers, and the source that keeps a shore-angling permission from being read as a spearfishing one.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Resurrection of the Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832
ZooKeys (Pensoft), 2021 · Scientific literature
The 2021 resurrection that makes the Canary comber a different fish from the Mediterranean one. Read to stop a species page being written wrong.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Review of the evidence of sentience in cephalopod molluscs and decapod crustaceans
LSE Consulting, LSE Enterprise Ltd, The London School of Economics and Political Science, 2021 · Scientific literature
Cited for why decapods and cephalopods are treated as welfare subjects in the handling records. The specific recommendations are not claimed from it.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The report's conclusions on strength of evidence per taxon, and its recommendations chapter on slaughter and handling practices.
Must confirm:
Which taxa the report places at which confidence level, and the exact wording of its recommendations on boiling alive, on live dismemberment and tailing, on freshwater immersion, and on the sale of live decapods to untrained handlers.
If it supports something narrower:
State the report's overall conclusion and the direction of its recommendations without attributing a specific list of prohibited methods to it.
RNLI water safety guidance: cold water shock and Float to Live
Royal National Lifeboat Institution · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The UK's principal water rescue charity and the authority FishingHQ relies on for immersion risk — which is what actually kills anglers.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Rock fishing — the estate's own account, with the island's guides
Tresco Island · Practitioner report
The Tresco estate's own journal, with a named island guide, read for the boulder-weed-and-limpet ground signature that is the most transferable thing in it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Rock fishing safety and the declared lifejacket areas of New South Wales
NSW Department of Primary Industries and Surf Life Saving NSW · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The most developed rock-fishing safety regime in the world, cited for behaviour rather than for law. Its existence is the argument for taking rock marks seriously.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The rock fishing safety guidance and the current list of local government areas where lifejacket wear is mandatory
Must confirm:
That lifejacket wear while rock fishing is legally required in specified New South Wales local government areas, and the standing safety guidance on observing a mark before fishing it, never turning your back on the sea, and planning an exit.
If it supports something narrower:
State the requirement as applying only to the areas the source lists, and never imply the rule extends beyond New South Wales.
Rockfish barotrauma and recompression
NOAA Fisheries, West Coast Region, United States, 2025 · Government fisheries body
The mechanism behind every release paragraph on a deep-reef species page. Cited for physics and direction of effect, never for a survival rate.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Rodoeste: the scheduled services calling at Câmara de Lobos
Rodoeste — Transportadora Rodoviária da Madeira, Lda., 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The regional bus operator's own locality schedule, read after a travel guide attributed the service to the wrong operator and the wrong terminus.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
RoSPA water safety information and UK accidental drowning statistics
Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents · Water-safety or diver-training authority
Used for the framing that immersion, not tackle, is the dominant angling risk — a claim this review found to be understated rather than overstated.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Rubicón Fishing — charter pages
Rubicón Fishing · Credible secondary source
The operator's own account of the boat, the berth and the fishing — and the first Lanzarote charter listed here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Rutland Water trout fishing — the operator's own pages
Anglian Water Parks · Credible secondary source
The operator of the Rutland Water fishery. Read for facilities and structure; every price and date it publishes is deliberately left on the page.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angler
Bauer Media · Specialist angling publication
A long-running British sea angling magazine whose contributors are largely independent of the freshwater literature. Cited at title level, which is a known weakness.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Feature articles on shore and boat method for the species FishingHQ covers
Must confirm:
That the sea-angling practice FishingHQ describes as conventional is presented as such across multiple independent contributors, with dates and authors recorded.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade the affected claim from practitioner consensus to anecdotal and say so on the page.
Sea Angler mark guides — Chapel St Leonards and the Lincolnshire coast
Sea Angler, Bauer Media, 2021 · Specialist angling publication
A dated Sea Angler mark entry for Chapel St Leonards. The named, dated article the title-level citation this magazine has long needed.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angler: the Red Bay mark, County Antrim
Sea Angler · Specialist angling publication
The only source found that names the Waterfoot piers as a fishery. Its species list is shore and boat combined and is split by mode before use.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea angling and fly fishing on the Berwickshire coast
Visit Berwickshire Coast · Credible secondary source
A destination page that independently names the Berwickshire inshore species list and the ports its charter fleet sails from.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Achill and Corraun
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
Achill and Corraun. A competition that fished six baits on one beach and found no difference between them.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Antrim
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The county shore-mark directory the register had never cited, read in full for Antrim. Fourteen marks, four of them new here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Clare and the Shannon estuary
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Clare and Shannon pages. Mark-by-mark safety writing of a kind almost nothing else in this register attempts.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Connemara and Clifden
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
Connemara and Clifden. A contributor's pioneering marks, labelled as such by the page itself.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Cork
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The four Cork pages. Cork Harbour is an industrial-estuary shore fishery and the page treats it as one.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Donegal
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The three Donegal pages. Ten species from one mark in one session, and the sea temperature that explains the season.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Down
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The north Down page. Thinner than Antrim's, and its most useful property is the seasonal split at Donaghadee.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Galway
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The three Galway pages. A coast the directory itself calls unexplored, with one exceptionally detailed urban mark.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Kerry
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Kerry pages of the county shore directory. A practitioner's second voice on the coast the statutory guide covers.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Londonderry
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
Three Londonderry marks, and the best thing on the page is a bait that does not work and why.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Louth and Meath
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Louth page. Shore tope on the east coast, and a bass fly fishery on Carlingford Lough.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Mayo
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Mayo pages. A regional guide that opens with a lost skate fishery and a request for catch and release.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of northern and western Donegal
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
North and west Donegal. The sea loughs treated as their own fishing class, because they fish when the open coast cannot.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Sligo and Leitrim
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Sligo page. Three shore tope marks and a pre-baiting method for storm beaches.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of south Clare and the Shannon estuary
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
South Clare and the Shannon. A sheltered elasmobranch fishery that fishes when the Atlantic coast cannot.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Waterford
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Waterford page. Notable for recording what a mark does not produce as carefully as what it does.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Wexford
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Wexford page. A shore smooth-hound fishery documented mark by mark, with a dated club match result attached.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Angling in Ireland: the shore marks of Wicklow, Dublin, Louth and Meath
Sea Angling Ireland · Credible secondary source
The Leinster pages. Includes the directory's own account of an east-coast collapse, and the reason the Baily is not a place page.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) industry guidance 2026
Welsh Government, 2026 · Government fisheries body
The Welsh Government's own bass guidance, which in January 2026 held recreational anglers at two fish per day pending legislation while England had moved to three.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea fishing at East Prawle and Prawle Point
Where's The Fish? · Credible secondary source
The one readable source found that describes Prawle Point's ground specifically rather than by name.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea fishing in Devon — an angler's guide, north and south
Fishmag · Specialist angling publication
The Devon half of the same angler's guide. Gives bait with species, which most regional guides do not.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea fishing in north Wales — the mark guide
Turner's Tackle · Credible secondary source
Turner's north Wales mark guide, read in full. Four shore tope marks and a beach the guide says is one of the only ones in Britain.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea fishing in Scotland, area by area
Clyde Outboard Services, in collaboration with Glasgow Angling Centre · Credible secondary source
The first boat-mode Scottish source in the register. It reframed the sea-loch gap from missing research into a missing mode.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Sea fishing spots in Cornwall — a local's guide, coast by coast
Fishmag · Specialist angling publication
A Cornish angler's own mark guide. The source that answers the rock-mark gap.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
SeaSpray Whitby — charter fishing pages
SeaSpray Whitby Charter Fishing Trips · Credible secondary source
A Whitby skipper's own account of the boat, the seasons and what is supplied — the first charter on England's east coast listed here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Shark Trust identification guides and angling best practice
The Shark Trust · Angling or fisheries organisation
The recognised UK reference for shark, skate and ray identification and for angler handling practice. Used for identification and handling, never for whether a species may be retained.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The British shark, skate and ray identification guides, and the Shark Recording Network angler guidance on handling, unhooking and release.
Must confirm:
Diagnostic identification characters separating the British skates and rays and the British dogfishes and smooth-hounds, and the handling and release practice the Trust asks anglers to follow.
If it supports something narrower:
Attribute the handling practice to the Trust's own wording rather than to anglers or to fisheries science generally, and keep identification characters separate from any retention or protection claim.
Shellfish classification
Food Standards Agency, 2026 · Government fisheries body
Cited for the existence of an official classification regime for shellfish beds and for who administers it. The categories are not claimed from it.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The 'Shellfish classification' guidance document and the local action group guide linked from the landing page.
Must confirm:
The classification categories applied to bivalve production areas, what treatment each category requires before the shellfish may be placed on the market, what the E. coli monitoring underlying classification measures, and which body performs the classification.
If it supports something narrower:
State only that a classification system exists and is administered by the food safety authority, which is the position the records take now.
Shetland Anglers Association — the association's waters, loch by loch
Shetland Anglers Association, via the Let's Fish fishery directory · Angling or fisheries organisation
The Shetland Anglers Association's own survey of its waters. The source that turned Shetland from one record into a geography.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Shetland puddle monsters — winter shore fishing on the west Mainland
Planet Sea Fishing · Specialist angling publication
A single documented Shetland shore session, and one sentence that explains the whole evidence landscape.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Shore fishing Chesil: the marks, from the Cove to Hive
Weymouth Angling Centre · Practitioner report
A Weymouth tackle shop's own guide to Chesil, read in full. Commercially interested, and the closest thing read to a mark-by-mark account of the beach.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Shore fishing in Lanzarote — a resident guide to where and how
Lanzarote Information, 2017 · Credible secondary source
A resident guide. Names the specific breakwaters and rock marks inside the areas the island authority describes only as areas.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Shore fishing Weymouth: the piers, the harbour and the beaches
Weymouth Angling Centre · Practitioner report
The same Weymouth shop's guide to its own harbour and beaches, read in full. Declared as deriving from its Chesil guide so the two are never counted twice.
Passage read and verified · Restates: weymouth-angling-chesil-shore-guide
Skrei — the Norwegian Arctic cod, and the season it arrives in
Visit Norway (Innovation Norway), the national tourism board · Credible secondary source
The skrei run: Barents Sea to the Lofoten coast, January to April. The evidence for cod's season inverting between Britain and northern Norway.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Visit Norway's skrei pages, and the Institute of Marine Research for the stock
Must confirm:
The January-to-April window and the migration from the Barents Sea to the Lofoten coast, ideally against the Norwegian Institute of Marine Research rather than the tourism board.
If it supports something narrower:
If a fisheries body gives different dates, they replace these. The claim in the profile is a seasonal window rather than a rule, and it should rest on the strongest available source.
Slapton Sands and Torcross Beach
Visit South Devon · Credible secondary source
A tourism board's beach entry. Facilities only, and explicitly not the road.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
SMAC Bass Open Competition 2026, result report
Boat Angling · Practitioner report
A club competition report, read in full. The first dated catch anywhere here, and the only one this pass could open.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
South African Shore Angling Association published competition results
SASAA, the national controlling body for organised shore angling in South Africa · Angling or fisheries organisation
Fifteen years of national competition results, and no species and no venue in any of them. The seam is closed, and the header says why.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
South Stack Cliffs nature reserve — RSPB visitor information
RSPB · Conservation authority
An RSPB reserve page: three car parks by surface, seven blue badge spaces, and twenty-five steps counted.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
South-west England charter fishing operators
Charter skippers and booking operators in Cornwall and Devon · Practitioner report
Establishes charter catch and the port-versus-ground distinction. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Operator pages describing the trips run and the species targeted
Must confirm:
That the operator states which species the trip targets, and which port it sails from — the two must not be conflated.
If it supports something narrower:
Attach the species to the offshore area record and never to the port. A port is where a boat leaves from, not where a fish was caught.
South-west England shore and boat angling guidance
Specialist sea-angling writers, regional angling guides and mark directories · Credible secondary source
The Cornwall and Devon shore layer. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Mark-by-mark shore fishing guidance for the Cornish and Devon coasts
Must confirm:
That the named beach, headland, harbour wall or estuary is presented as a place people fish, and that the species listed against it are presented as shore species there.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade to `recorded` and drop any mode the source does not state. A mark named without catch establishes only that the place is fished.
Southend Pier, and the pier fishing pass
Southend-on-Sea City Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council describing its own pier and the pass it issues for angling on it. A routing fact, not a permission.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Southport Pier
Sefton Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Sefton Council on Southport Pier. Read because an access check on a newly written mark found it shut since 2022.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Spearfishing in the Canary Islands: is the devil as black as it seems to be?
Pablo Martín-Sosa, Instituto Español de Oceanografía — Revista Scientia Insularum, 2019 · Scientific literature
The first empirical measurement of Canary spearfishing from real catch data, and the evidence that lets the discipline reach Macaronesian geography at all.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Spearfishing UK — store and company information
Spearfishing Limited t/a Spearfishing UK · Credible secondary source
Britain's largest specialist spearfishing retailer, with a physical counter, a company number and a published address — the first of its kind listed here.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Species hunting adventures on Lanzarote — a four-part shore diary with a full tally
Something Fishy Going On (angling blog), parts also posted to World Sea Fishing, 2014 · Practitioner report
A species-hunting week on Lanzarote with a counted per-species tally at named marks. The most detailed catch source read for this coast, and also the least authoritative kind FishingHQ relies on.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Species hunting adventures on São Miguel — a two-part March diary at named marks
Something Fishy Going On (angling blog), 2022 · Practitioner report
The Lanzarote and Madeira diarist on São Miguel. The first source here to put an Azorean fish on a named mark — and four of its identifications did not survive the checklist.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Squid fishing in north Wales
Turner's Tackle · Credible secondary source
A north Wales tackle shop on shore squid fishing. Right about the jig and the retrieve, wrong about which squid — and the correction came from a university report.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Squid Fishing in UK Waters — a report to the Seafish Industry Authority
Hastie, Pierce, Pita, Viana, Smith & Wangvoralak — School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 2009 · Scientific institute
The University of Aberdeen's report to Seafish. The best UK squid source in this register, and it was only reachable by extracting the text of a PDF that returns as binary.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Still Water Fly-Fishing
Andre Deutsch, 1952 · Specialist angling publication
An independent original for stillwater fly fishing, from a different tradition from the river literature.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on reservoir tactics and on artificial flies
Must confirm:
The stillwater fly method and the reasoning behind the patterns described.
If it supports something narrower:
Present as Ivens's own practice and reasoning.
Still-Water Angling
MacGibbon & Kee, 1953 · Specialist angling publication
The book that reshaped British coarse angling. An independent original, and the head of a long lineage of restatement.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on carp and on tackle design
Must confirm:
Walker's stillwater carp method and his reasoning about rod and line selection.
If it supports something narrower:
Present these as Walker's own practice and reasoning rather than as general practice.
Strangford ferry timetable — nidirect
Department for Infrastructure, Northern Ireland · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The department's own ferry timetable. Half-hourly, both ways, every day but Christmas — and an industrial-action notice that proves why the clock is not recorded.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Summer pike fishing — the navigation authority's guidance on its own waters
The Canal & River Trust, fisheries and angling team, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The body that owns most of Britain's canal pike fishing, on why summer is the problem and what it asks anglers to carry.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Tagging News, the annual newsletter of the ORI Cooperative Fish Tagging Project
Oceanographic Research Institute, South African Association for Marine Biological Research, 2025 · Scientific institute
The annual newsletter that carries what the summary papers do not: individual fish, named marks, exact dates. South Africa's dated-observation seam.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Tallas mínimas de captura — Canarias: minimum landing sizes and closed seasons
Gobierno de Canarias, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería y Pesca — Dirección General de Pesca, with the Grupo de Acción Costera de Tenerife and the Cabildo de Tenerife · Government fisheries body
The Canary fisheries directorate's own size table. Read for its `Nombre común canario` column, which is the alias layer from the body entitled to settle it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin in two native puffer fish from the NE Atlantic (Madeira Island)
Marine Environmental Research (Elsevier), 2019 · Scientific literature
The measured toxin load behind the severe hazard on both Canary puffer records. Abstract-level reading, marked as such.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Marine Environmental Research 151:104780, the per-tissue toxin tables for Sphoeroides marmoratus.
Must confirm:
That the 15 mg/kg digestive-tract and 7.4 mg/kg gonad figures are per-specimen maxima rather than means, how many fish were sampled, and whether muscle tissue carried measurable tetrodotoxin.
If it supports something narrower:
The two species pages would carry the finding without the figures — the hazard says do not eat it, and that does not rest on any number. Only the quoted concentrations would be dropped.
The Charity Commission register of charities for England and Wales
The Charity Commission for England and Wales, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The independent second source behind the Fishing Passport verification.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The Companies House register of companies for England, Wales and Scotland
Companies House, an executive agency of the UK Department for Business and Trade, 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The independent second source behind four of the nine managed-fishery verifications.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The Compleat Angler, or the Contemplative Man's Recreation
Richard Marriot, 1653 · Reference work
The most influential book in the history of angling in English. Read in full for this review. Cited as historical and cultural evidence, never as support for a technique.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The Control of Pollution (Anglers' Lead Weights) Regulations 1986
The Stationery Office (UK statutory instrument), 1986 · Standards body
The statutory instrument itself, replacing a second-hand attribution. Note that it has been amended since; FishingHQ cites its existence and shape, not its current consolidated text.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The Ecology of Vision
Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1979 · Scientific literature
The source that lets the lure-colour page separate optics from folklore. Cited for what water does to light, not for what fish prefer.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on underwater light, spectral transmission and visual pigments
Must confirm:
The order and approximate depth scale of spectral attenuation in clear oceanic water, the contrasting transmission of tannin-stained and turbid inland water, and the relationship between the light available in a habitat and the visual pigments of fish living in it.
If it supports something narrower:
Express attenuation qualitatively — the order in which colours are lost — and remove any depth figures the work does not support.
The European Environment Agency's assessments of Europe's waters, seas and coasts
European Environment Agency, Copenhagen · Conservation authority
Cited on continental European place and region pages for what has been done to a water — modification, barriers, designation and pressure — and never for a current rule or a permission.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The state-of-the-environment reporting for Europe's seas and for surface waters, including water body status classification, hydromorphological pressure, and the coverage and designation of marine and freshwater protected sites
Must confirm:
That the described condition of a named European water body — its classification, the pressures recorded on it, and whether it lies within a designated protected site — matches the agency's current published assessment rather than an earlier reporting cycle.
If it supports something narrower:
State the direction and the kind of pressure and drop any classification label, percentage or site boundary.
The Fishes of the British Isles and North-West Europe
Macmillan, 1969 · Reference work
A comprehensive systematic account, unmatched on identification and superseded on nomenclature.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The species accounts and identification keys
Must confirm:
Morphological identification features and the distinctions between confusable species.
If it supports something narrower:
Record the current accepted name and note the older one as a synonym.
The Flood Pulse Concept in River-Floodplain Systems
Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 106, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Ottawa, 1989 · Scientific literature
Cited on the floodplain and tropical-river records and wherever FishingHQ explains why a tropical river fishery follows water level rather than the calendar.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The statement of the concept itself, and the sections on the aquatic/terrestrial transition zone and on fish production in the flooded forest
Must confirm:
That in large unregulated river-floodplain systems the seasonal flood pulse, rather than the river channel, is the principal driver of biological productivity; that a large share of fish production occurs on the floodplain during inundation rather than in the channel; and that many fish species move laterally onto the floodplain to feed and breed and return to the channel as water falls.
If it supports something narrower:
State the lateral movement and the productivity of the inundated floodplain, and drop any claim about the proportion of total production the floodplain contributes.
The influence of feeding behaviour on growth of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the North Sea
Journal of Applied Ichthyology (Wiley), 2016 · Scientific literature
North Sea cod stomach contents sorted into six specialist feeding groups at a 75-per-cent-by-mass threshold, with the ontogenetic shift from crustaceans to fish. The source for cod diet in the target-species profile.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The Isles of Scilly — wrasse heaven?
Henry Gilbey · Specialist angling publication
A named angling writer's dated two-day account of St Mary's in February, read in full for the ground, the method and the month.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
International Union for Conservation of Nature · Conservation authority
The standard global reference for conservation status. Used for every `conservationStatus` field and for nothing else — a Red List assessment says nothing about how to fish for something.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The species assessment page for each species FishingHQ states a status for
Must confirm:
The assessment category, its date, and whether the assessment is global or regional, read from the assessment itself rather than from a database that republishes it.
If it supports something narrower:
Where the assessment is regional, or the population is assessed separately, change the record to `varies_by_population` and name the population the figure applies to.
The marinas of the Azores — the regional record, island by island
Visit Azores (Turismo dos Açores), publishing the marina records of Portos dos Açores, S.A. · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Azorean marina records as the region publishes them. Used for Velas on São Jorge, which had no documented place at all; carries facilities and distances and no berth, depth or parking figures.
Passage read and verified · Restates: portos-dos-acores-marinas
The ORI Cooperative Fish Tagging Project at forty years, and at twenty-seven
Oceanographic Research Institute, South African Association for Marine Biological Research, reported in African Journal of Marine Science and in Ski-Boat, 2025 · Scientific institute
Forty years and 387,000 tagged fish. Aggregate rather than dated, which is a fact about this material rather than about how it was read: its annual newsletter dates every fish it narrates. See `ori-tagging-news`.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The pollack bag limit, the Pollack Pact, and the instrument that is not yet made
Angling Trust — the representative body for angling in England, 2026 · Angling or fisheries organisation
The UK pollack position as of 2026: a three-fish limit agreed and not yet enacted, with the voluntary Pollack Pact — five fish, 50 cm, descending devices — standing in the gap.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The statutory instrument register and Defra or MMO guidance for the recreational pollack measures
Must confirm:
Whether the three-fish recreational bag limit has been made in UK law, and on what date it came into force. As of the last reading it had been agreed and not enacted.
If it supports something narrower:
If the instrument has since been made, the UK regime becomes a statutory bag limit and the voluntary Pollack Pact numbers must be demoted to what they are — a code that preceded the law. If it has not, the record continues to say that the only thing governing a British pollack angler is voluntary.
The Razor Clams (Prohibition on Fishing and Landing) (Scotland) Order 2017
The Scottish Government · Government fisheries body
The Scottish razor clam order, read for the rule type and the enforcement position. The daily number is not carried across.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
The World's Mangroves and their Fisheries — FAO Forestry and Fisheries assessments
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome · Standards body
Cited on the mangrove and tropical estuary records and wherever FishingHQ links a tropical inshore fishery to the habitat that produces it.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on the extent and loss of mangrove area, on the nursery function of mangrove for coastal fisheries, and on the fisheries dependent on mangrove systems
Must confirm:
That mangrove systems function as nursery habitat for a substantial share of tropical coastal fisheries species; that global mangrove extent has declined markedly over recent decades, with aquaculture conversion, timber extraction and coastal development among the principal causes; and that the dependence of specific fisheries — notably penaeid prawns and mud crab — on mangrove habitat is documented rather than inferred.
If it supports something narrower:
State the nursery function and the direction of the decline, and drop any specific figure for area lost or for the proportion of catch attributable to mangrove.
TITSA: the Tenerife interurban bus network
Transportes Interurbanos de Tenerife (TITSA) · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Tenerife bus operator. Line 363 is the north-coast road and serves both Puerto de la Cruz and Garachico.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The operator's line 363 page and its list of stops
Must confirm:
That line 363 still connects Puerto de la Cruz with Icod de los Vinos, Garachico, Los Silos and Buenavista del Norte along the north coast.
If it supports something narrower:
If the line is renumbered or split, the affected access blocks must name whatever now serves the coast, or say nothing. A route number that no longer exists is worse than no route number.
Total Fishing: UK shore mark guides
Total Fishing · Credible secondary source
A UK-wide per-mark angling guide, read for Freshwater West. Registered narrowly because only one page was read.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
TransHierro: the regular bus lines of El Hierro
TransHierro S. Coop., the concessionaire for El Hierro's scheduled bus network · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The operator of El Hierro's scheduled bus network, listing its twelve lines and the settlements each serves. The only source found that connects the island's coastal marks to public transport.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Treatyse of Fysshynge with an Angle
Wynkyn de Worde, in the Boke of Saint Albans, 1496 · Reference work
The earliest substantial printed work on angling in English. Cited for the history records only.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The sections on rod making, line making and baits
Must confirm:
That the text describes rod construction, horsehair line, hook making from needles and a seasonal bait calendar, and that it frames angling as recreation.
If it supports something narrower:
Restrict the FishingHQ statement to the practices the text describes, without inferring how widespread they were.
Trout & Salmon
Bauer Media · Specialist angling publication
A long-running British game angling magazine. Used as an independent practitioner source for salmon, trout and grayling method.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Feature articles on game angling method
Must confirm:
Game-angling practice described as conventional by multiple named contributors.
If it supports something narrower:
Downgrade to anecdotal.
Two Oceans Aquarium: the species accounts of the Cape Town public aquarium
Two Oceans Aquarium, V&A Waterfront, Cape Town, 2026 · Credible secondary source
Cited for what a fish looks like and where it lives. Never for a conservation category, and the review says why.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Tynemouth Pier — Visit North Tyneside
North Tyneside Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
A council saying it cannot tell you whether the pier is open. Registered for that, and the closure it does not mention is in the register.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
UK Diving Medical Committee guidance on medical standards for divers
UK Diving Medical Committee · Water-safety or diver-training authority
The second diving-medicine authority in the register. Cited on fitness to dive, where one source would not have been enough.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The guidance notes on respiratory, cardiovascular, ear and sinus conditions, and on medication, as they bear on fitness to dive
Must confirm:
That fitness to dive is assessed individually by a doctor with diving-medicine training rather than by self-assessment against a list, that certain respiratory, cardiovascular and ENT conditions require specific assessment before diving, and that some medications matter through their effects rather than through the condition treated.
If it supports something narrower:
Reduce FishingHQ's page to the existence of the assessment process and the categories of condition that require it, and drop any characterisation of what the guidance concludes about any condition.
UK recreational bass fishing regulations and annual guidance
GOV.UK, Welsh Government and the Inshore Fisheries and Conservation Authorities · Government fisheries body
The regulatory backbone of any bass answer. Discovered and confirmed through search results only; publisher pages could not be opened during this research window. Publisher, scope and subject verified; page text not read.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
Annual bass fishing guidance for the relevant year, and the IFCA notices restating it
Must confirm:
The recreational bag limit, the minimum conservation reference size, and the dates of any catch-and-release-only period, for the ICES divisions covering the south-west of England.
If it supports something narrower:
State that a limit exists and route the reader to the authority for the current figure. Never print a number this source does not currently carry.
UK's growing bluefin tuna fishery opens for 2026
Defra (GOV.UK news story), 2026 · Government fisheries body
89 charter and 56 private permits awarded for 2026 in English waters. Cited for the regime as the authority states it: season, permit, eligibility, method, retention, reporting and welfare. Never as permission, never as advice to an individual reader, and never carried from one UK jurisdiction to another.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Understanding the Complexity of Catch-and-Release in Recreational Fishing
Reviews in Fisheries Science 15:75–167, 2007 · Scientific literature
The standard integrative review of catch-and-release outcomes. Metadata verified and extended; full text still unread.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The biological sections on hooking mortality, air exposure and water temperature
Must confirm:
That post-release mortality varies widely by species, gear and handling, and that air exposure, exhaustion, water temperature and hooking location are among the strongest predictors — with the direction and approximate magnitude of each.
If it supports something narrower:
Name only the specific handling variables the synthesis supports and drop any FishingHQ has added.
United States Lifesaving Association public education on rip currents and the surf zone
United States Lifesaving Association · Water-safety or diver-training authority
Cited where surf-beach reading and surf-beach danger are the same feature seen twice.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The rip current identification and escape guidance, and the surf zone hazard pages
Must confirm:
How rip currents form and how they are identified from shore, the recommended response on being caught in one, and the statement that rips are the dominant surf-zone rescue cause.
If it supports something narrower:
Keep only the formation mechanism and drop any FishingHQ statement about how a wading angler should respond.
Visit Bodø: Saltstraumen
Visit Bodø (the destination company for Bodø and Salten), 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Read for the global-expansion pilot. A destination body describing a restriction on its own attraction, which is the shape of source this register trusts.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Visit Madeira: Câmara de Lobos, the bay, the promenade and the beach
Madeira Islands Tourism Board (Direção Regional do Turismo), 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
Read for the promenade. Its car park belongs to Funchal and is deliberately not carried onto this record.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Visit Madeira: the marinas and recreational ports of Madeira and Porto Santo
Direção Regional do Turismo da Madeira · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The Madeiran tourism board on its own ports. Thinner than a harbour authority, and the comparison is the finding.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Visit Madeira: the regional tourism board's official trail records
Direção Regional do Turismo da Madeira (Visit Madeira), 2026 · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The board administers the signed footpath network and the charge on it. It is not a fisheries source and nothing about fishing rests on it.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Visiting Rathlin Island — Causeway Coast and Glens tourism service
Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council · Local authority, harbour or protected-area body
The council on getting to Rathlin. You cannot take a car for the day, there is no taxi, and there is no cash machine.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Welfare of cleaner fish used in the Scottish salmon industry — outcomes of evidence gathering
The Scottish Animal Welfare Commission, for the Scottish Government, 2024 · Government fisheries body
The commercial live-capture wrasse fishery, its tonnage and its management — and a regulator saying plainly that the effect on the population is unknown.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Whitby fishing: the piers, access and species through the year
The Whitby Guide · Credible secondary source
A local guide to the two Whitby piers, read for access and restriction rather than for permission.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Wild trout fishing — where to find it and what it asks of an angler
The Wild Trout Trust, 2026 · Conservation authority
A habitat charity on where wild trout actually are and how ordinary it is to go and fish for them.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Words of the Lagoon: Fishing and Marine Lore in the Palau District of Micronesia
University of California Press, Berkeley, 1981 · Reference work
Cited on the Pacific and Indo-Pacific records. The reason those pages describe management systems rather than picturesque technique.
Citation checked — the work exists and is described correctly · Independent original
What a future reader must confirm in this
Where to look:
The chapters on customary marine tenure, on spawning-aggregation knowledge held by Palauan fishers, and on the closures applied to aggregation sites
Must confirm:
That reef and lagoon fishing rights in the district were held and allocated locally rather than as open access, and that fishers held detailed knowledge of spawning aggregations which was in some cases accompanied by restrictions on fishing them.
If it supports something narrower:
Restrict FishingHQ's statement to Palau specifically and drop the wider Pacific generalisation.
WoRMS — the World Register of Marine Species
WoRMS Editorial Board, hosted by the Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ) · Scientific institute
The taxonomic register for non-finfish, where FishBase stops. It caught Grapsus webbi and Grapsus adscensionis being one crab.
Passage read and verified · Independent original
Ψάρεμα για όλους: the big squid — finding them, recognising them, and how they are fished
Psarema gia Olous (Ψάρεμα για όλους), 2026 · Specialist angling publication
Read in Greek. The boat half of a fishery only the shore half of which was described here, and it is a different method rather than the same one afloat.
Passage read and verified · Independent original

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A review of catch-and-release angling mortality with implications for no-take reserves

A short review of pike ecology

Algarve offshore and big-game charter operators

Angling Times

Australian state recreational crabbing guidance: gear, limits and berried females

Bahia Honda State Park visitor information

Bluefin tuna (BFT) catch and release recreational fishery (CRRF) application, and NI CHART

Bluefin tuna (BFT) catch and release recreational fishery (CRRF) within English waters

Bluefin tuna (BFT) fisheries in 2026

BlueWater Hunting and Freediving

Bodo to Moskenes: the Vestfjorden car ferry, route 18-782

Breakwater car park and Breakwater Beach, Brixham

Brixham harbour facilities and Tor Bay harbour operational policy

Bus service 34, Redruth to The Lizard via Helston and Mullion

California Code of Regulations, title 14 — Fish and Game

Canary Islands angling community and forum material

Canary Islands marine reserves and recreational fishing licensing

Canary Islands regional angling guidance sites

Car parks at Mumbles: Southend and Knab Rock

Car parks in Portland: Masonic, Lord Clyde and Chesil

Carp Fever

CHART — Catch And Release Tagging programme for Atlantic bluefin tuna

Chesil Cove seawall: proposed works and access

Coarse Fishing

Do we need species-specific guidelines for catch-and-release recreational angling?

Fear of fishers: human predation explains behavioral changes in coral reef fishes

Fishers' Craft and Lettered Art: Tracts on Fishing from the End of the Middle Ages

Florida Keys fishing guidance and destination material

Florida saltwater fishing regulations and Keys sanctuary rules

Freshwater Fishes of the British Isles

Freshwater Fishing

Functions of shoaling behaviour in teleosts

General angling website restatements of established technique

Guia de Praias do Algarve: Tonel, Beliche and Mareta

La Restinga: beach, access and facilities